Examining Crime And Gender Crimes Committed Criminology Essay

Examining Crime And Gender Crimes Committed Criminology EssayCriminology has treated wo manpowers role in crime with a cosmic measure of indifference. The intellectual tradition from which criminology derives its conception of these sexes maintains esteem for mens autonomy, intelligence and force of character while disdaining women for their weaknesses of compliance and passivity. Women who conform as pure, obedient daughters, wives and mothers benefit men and society (Feinman, 1994 16). Those women who dont, that is ar non-conforming, may simply be one who questions established beliefs or practices, or one who engages in activities associated with men, or one who commits a crime. These women are doubly damned and doubly deviant (Bottoms, 1996 1). They are seen as mad not bad (Lloyd, 1995 36). These behaviors frequently lead to interpretations of being mentally abnormal and unstable. Those doing the defining, by the very act, are never defined as other, but are the norm. As men are the norm, women are deviant. Women are defined in character reference to men (Lloyd, 1995 xvii). In the words of Young (1990), sexual difference is one of the ways in which normal is label out from deviant (Young, 1990 ix). So wherefore do these differences exist inwardly the cruel justice system and society as a whole? In order to understand why anger and punishment differs between genders it is important to acknow directge and analyses past perceptions, theories and perspectives from predominant sociologists and criminologists of that time towards women in society.Up until the turn of the century, women were primarily perceived as sexual objects and pass judgment to remain within anthropoid dominated ideologies such as homemaker, carer and nurturer taking second place after men (Oakley, 1985 56). Women who strayed from the norm were severely punished, void of some(prenominal) opportunities to explain their actions. Perhaps interventions from Elizabeth Fry in the early n ineteenth century campaigning for women to be housed in separate prisons from men and offered rehabilitation could be marked as the starting point for intense studies being conducted into relationships between women and crime. The conception at that time was that women must be protected from, rather than held responsible for their criminal actions. Unfortunately, such intervention only caused coaxing rather than coercion, that is, women became segregated even more as individual members of their community (Bardsley, 1987 37).Later in the late nineteenth century, Lombroso and Ferrero (1895) wrote a book called, The Fe young-begetting(prenominal) Offender. Their theories were based on atavism. Atavism refers to the belief that all individuals displaying anti-social behavior were biological throwbacks (Smart, 1978 32). The born female criminal was perceived to film the criminal qualities of the male plus the worst characteristics of women. According to Lombroso and Ferrero (1895), the se included deceitfulness, cunning and spite among others and were not apparent among males. This appeared to indicate that criminal women were genetically more male than female, therefore biologically abnormal. Criminality in men was a common feature of their natural characteristics, whereby women, their biologically-determined nature was antithetical to crime. Female social deviants or criminals who did not act according to pre-defined standards were diagnosed as pathological and requiring treatment, they were to be cured or removed (Lombroso and Ferrero, 1895 43).Other predominant theorists such as Thomas (1907) and later, Pollack (1961), believed that sin was a pathology and socially induced rather than biologically inherited. As Thomas (1967) says, the girl as a child does not know she has any specific value until she learns it from others (Thomas, 1967 68). Pollack (1961) believed, it is the learned conduct from a very young age that leads girls into a masked character of fe male criminality, that is, how it was and still is concealed through under-reporting and low detection rates of female offenders. He further states, in our male-dominated culture, women stick out always been considered strange, secretive and sometimes dangerous (Pollack, 1961 149). A greater folly towards women by police and the justice system needs to be addressed especially if a true equality of genders is to be achieved in such a complicated world .Although it may be true that society has changed since the days of Lombroso and Ferrero, past theories appear to remain within much of todays criminal justice system. Women have so some(prenominal) choices of which they didnt before. It would appear naive to assume that women and crime may be explained by any one theory. Any crime for that matter, whether male or female, may not be explained by any one theory. It is an established and non-arguable fact that males and females differ biologically and sociological influences, such as gender-specific role-playing appears to continue within most families. Its a matter of proportion not difference. According to Edwards (1984), the enemy is within every woman, but is not her reproductive biology, rather it is the habit regarding it into which she has been led by centuries of male domination (Edwards, 1984 91).Many argue, the main culprit for aggression as seen in many men is testosterone. This hormone appears responsible for much of the male crime, even in todays society of increased knowledge on the subject. In contrast, extensive research over the past twenty-five years done on the testosterone/aggression link focusing on prenatal testosterone predisposing boys to be rougher than girls, concluded it was very difficult to show any connection between testosterone and aggressive behaviour (Lloyd, 1995 26). Cross-cultural studies of ninety-five societies revealed fourty -seven percent of them were free of rape while at least thirty-three societies were free of war and interpersonal violence was extremely out of date (Meidzian, 1992 74). Based on these studies, it may be evident to suggest that sociological factors and environmental influences appear to have greater credibility in explaining criminal behaviour, whether male or female.As most women commit crimes of a lesser violent nature such as shop-lifting, leniency is given to them from law enforcement officers and judges. It is true that many women use their femininity to their advantage which makes it very difficult to argue equal rights for both sexes (Lloyd, 1995 56). This unequal position of women in society due to social oppression and economic dependency on men and the state, needs to be addressed. Offences by women remain sexualised and pathologised. In most ways, crimes women commit are considered to be final outward-bound manifestations of an inner medical imbalance or social instability. Their punishment appears to be aimed principally at treatment and resocialisation (Edwards, 19 84 216). The victimisation of women in medicine seems to be for her hold good or in her best interests.Changing social and economic conditions, environmental influences, cultural traditions and physiological factors must be taken into account when traffic with crime. It has only been over the last thirty to fourty years that women have empowered themselves and fought for equality within all areas of society. After so many centuries of oppression and inequality, these changes force out not be expected to happen over night. It is essential that society be well informed in the quest for justice. Creating a framework that is genuinely equitable requires a proper understanding of life beyond the courtroom door. The world is infused with gender bias and no single explanation exists for human behaviour or passivity or aggression. A complex interplay of cultural and biological factors makes people as individuals. Behaviour may be changed. All have the voltage for aggression and complia nce. The view that women are other, inferior and unstable because of their hormones and emotions makes it all too easy to see them, by their very nature, as unstable, irrational, neurotic and MAD.Bardsley, B. (1987) Flowers in hell on earth an investigation into women and crime, Pandora Press, London.Bottoms, A. (1996) Sexism and the Female Offender, Gower Publishing, Sydney.Carrington, K. (1993) Offending Girls, Allen and Unwin, Sydney.Edwards, S. (1984) Women on Trial, Manchester University Press, New Hampshire.Feinman, C. (1994) Women ion the Criminal Justice System, Praeger Publishers, Westport.Lloyd, A. (1995) Doubly Deviant, Doubly Damned, Penguin, Sydney.Lombroso, C. and Ferrero, W. (1895) The Female Offender, Fisher Unwin, London.Miedzian, M. (1992) Boys will be boys Breaking the tie in Between Masculinity and Violence, Virago Press, London.Oakley, A. (1985) Gender and Society, Adlershot Gower, London.Pollak, O. (1961( The Criminality of Women, A.S. Barnes, New York.Smart, C. (1978) Women, Crime and Criminology, Routledge London.Thomas, W. (1967) The Unadjusted Girl, Harper and Row, New York.Young, A. (1990) Femininity in Dessent, Routledge, London.

Japanese Imperialism and WW2

japanese Imperialism and WW2What role did Nipponese imperialism play in origins of the Second existence War and broader rivalries between the dandy forces?Over its short duration, the Empire of Japan was known to be a modern industrialised nation and a global power in the eyes of the west. Since the First World War, Japans military-dominated conglomerate had long been preparing for its pursuit of imperialism. Between the period of 1931-1945, Japan aggressively moved towards expanding its territory through a series of conflicts against chinaware and eventually the unify States. Although Japan was exampled against strong western competition, the wide imperial advances make by the Japanese had high impact upon the origins of the Second World War. This essay go away discuss the origins and actions of imperialism in Japan and its importance in regards to the Second World War.To Japan, to be a modern power, much like that of the west, mean to be a colonial power. After the Meiji Restoration of the nineteen century that reformed Japans economic, governmental and social status, Japan finally had the industrial power to strike some of its aims. Japan pursued a forceful unusual policy of expansion for the same reasons the Europeans did, including economic as well as studyist reasons. In 1894, Japan was primarily trade oriented, despite the presence of important elements of industry. By 1930 it was industrial1. In the twentieth century, Japanese imperialism became more aggressive and confident after successes against foreign powers. Much like the Sino-Japanese war in 1894, which Japan won in 1895, Japan was strengthened by loses on Chinas behalf such as Taiwan and the influence over Korea2. The victory was proof to the Japanese that modern weaponry worked and raised Japans written report in the eyes of the west. This reputation was greatly magnified to not only the west, but to the whole world, when Japan defeated the Russian Empire during the Russo-Japanes e war from 1904-1905. The attack on the Russian navy moored at Port Arthur before the formal announcement of war was so successful, the tactic was later used on Pearl Harbour3. In the eyes of some Asians living down the stairs Imperialism, it shattered the myth of European invincibility and proved that an Asian power could defeat a European one.After the First World War, Japan had been accepted by the Western Powers as a notable imperial power. By incorporating some of the European ideologies, Japan had been successful in its advances. Though, in the interwar period, most countries in Europe did not want another war. However, since Japan had not suffered as much as some European countries had, the reluctance to sop up in warfare was not instilled in their imperialist actions. The empire, by the First World War, had expanded to Taiwan, Korea, the Pacific Island chains and Manchuria. Initially, Manchuria was a forethought to the expansion of the empire it was not a strategic focus or had high importance of foreign policy4. However after 1931 Japan revaluated their strategic plan and focused their power on expanding their empire in the Northeast. Late in 1931, Japan experimented their power, invading the Chinese province of Manchuria and setting up a violently repressive putz state. In its invasion of Manchuria, Japan had set into motion the first acts of the steps towards World War II that would start about a decade later. However, China was incapable to fight against the invasion due to national political and economic conflict, the allied countries were also practically helpless. Historian Robert Thompson states that America was not prepared to allow for military backing to intervene, it however issued The Stimson Doctrine which reinforced the allied interest in China. Thompson states that by asserting the right to guarantee Chinas survival in the face of Japanese aggression, America acknowledged itself as a major player in the East Asian power game5. It i s obvious that many foundations were in place for the Second World War almost decade before the conflict had begun.With this modification the objectives of Japanese imperialism came more obviously into line with the stage of national economic growth, which is highly unusual among empires. The nations of north-east Asia, containing Japan, Korea, Manchukuo, north China, and Taiwan, were to constitute a region in which heavy industry was to be developed. The rest of the occupied area, brought under Japanese control, would serve as the industrial core to spread earnings and trade raw resources6. The gain of various resources by Japan, notably in Manchuria, made a trend to the Japanese that imperialism is highly beneficial to their economy. Their economic approach proved beneficial to Japan. War Historian William Beasley states that the foreign investment rate in the United States increased, but was always very small. Japans grew enormously from negligible amounts in 1902 to 1,136 millio n dollars in 1931, that is, to 35 per cent7. Japans aggressive imperialism combined with its dramatic economic growth, gave allied Western countries reason for alarm before the start of the Second World War.The expansion of the Japanese empire came with their aggressive authority, which proved to be a large concern to the western powers. With the success in their imperial advances and in the period where Japan was seemingly disjunct from the international conquest, nationalistic, along with militaristic, sentiments soared within Japan. The attitude was expressed in a speech by General Araki in 1933 Needless to say, the Imperial Armys spirit lies in exalting the Imperial Way and spreading the National Virtue. Every single bullet must be charged with the Imperial Way and the end of each bayonet must have the National Virtue burnt into it.8 The nature of Japanese imperialism was very similar to western imperialism, notably British. Much like that of the British conquests a decade ea rlier, Japanese ideologies in imperialism were believed that not all Asians were equally qualified to take part in it9. Like that of the comparison between the manipulation of aboriginal Australians to the treatment native New Zealanders, the Japanese behaved differently in north-east Asia to southeasterly Asia10. Inhabitants of north-east Asia were seen to the Japanese as civilized and were able to be reformed like that of New Zealanders. The treatment of Japanese rule in China was part of an awareness of shared racial and cultural similarities. In south-east Asia, much like the treatment of aboriginal Australians, the Japanese saw themselves as saviours to the people. There were many issues, however. When co-operation was not imminent, obedience was the only accepted substitute. Differences in the actions of authority between the British and Japanese were no surprise the Japanese authority reflected the difference in historical experience of the region and were no greater, afte r all, than those to be found within the British Commonwealth.11Japanese imperialism caused many rivalries with the great powers, notably the United States. Escalating conflicts between China and Japan influenced American relations, and contributed to pushing America towards a war with Japan with the attack on Pearl Harbour. As America was a long-time ally of China, the response to the invasion and the genocide was to deny Japan undeniable resources, such as oil and metal. Without oil and metal, Japans production would be dramatically slowed. The attack on China was seen to be an insult to the American nation. The statement by academic George Blakeslee in American Foreign Affairs describes the difference between the American and Japanese imperialism and the Japanese insult. The United States is a vast territory with a great population vis--vis a dozen Caribbean republics, each with a relatively small area and population. Japan, on the other hand, is a artless with a relatively sma ll area and population vis--vis the vast territory and great population of China.12 However, the Japanese influence in south-east Asia was a political and economic necessity to prevent western influence from crippling Japan by limited their materials and sea-lanes13. Faced with severe deprivations as a result of the American constraint and unable to retreat from China, Japans leaders swiftly responded to the Americans re sternion, which resulted in the attack upon Pearl Harbour. The imperialist actions on behalf of the Japanese created deep rivalry with America, a former ally, which led to the start of the Pacific War.The Second World War, however, was not sparked only by Japanese expansion into China, in that respect were many other factors that led Japan, and the world, to war. A highly militaristic national ideology prevailed in Japan. The shaping of young men to be soldiers began early in the 1930s, children toys became a form to familiarize children with weaponry, such as toy soldiers, tanks, rifles and guns as common day toys14. Japanese schools also operated like imitation military units, with strict discipline being common practice. Even the emperor was dressed in military attire. The leaders of Japan also often felt a pauperization to prove that their military strength was significant and tough, and this was often a common contributing factor in the origins of wars. The formation of the axis alliance was also a salient push for war. After being isolated from the international community and with concern for the power of America and Britain, the alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany linked the powers together for war. As both powers despised the European powers and had strong senses of fascism within their empires, although with different nationalities, the alliance with Germany and Italy was an effect measure to expanding Japans control.Japanese imperialism played a prominent role in the origin of the Second World War. With the aggressive expans ion into China, Japan started the quest for war a decade before it expanded into a worldwide conflict. The imperialist actions led to rise of Japanese expansion and power. Japans pursuit for empire that eventually led to Pearl Harbor, would create rivalries with the great powers and the origins of the Second World War.Word Count 1856 (with footnotes)ReferencesBeasley, W.G.,Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1987.Blakeslee, George H. THE JAPANESE MONROE DOCTRINE. Foreign Affairs 11, no. 4 (July 1933) 671-681.Chang, Iris. The Rape Of Nanking. New York sanctionedBooks, 1997Crozier, Andrew J. The Causes Of The Second World War. Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1997Laurie Barber and visual modality Henshall, The Last War of Empires Japan and the Pacific War, Auckland David Batement Ltd, 1999Jung-Bong, Choi. Mapping Japanese Imperialism onto Postcolonial Criticism. Social Identities 9, no. 3 (September 2003) 325-336S Araki, Imperial way, (speech, January 23 1933) quote d in Ion, A Hunt, B, War And Diplomacy Across The Pacific 1919-1952, (Canada Wilfrid Laurier University Press 1988), cxlThomas, Charles S. S. World War II. InEncyclopedia of Violence, Peace, and Conflict, 2512-2524. Elsevier, 2010.Thompson, Robert Smith. Empires on the Pacific World War II and the Struggle for the command of Asia. New York Basic Books, 2001Young, Louise. Twentieth Century Japan The Emergence of a World Power, Volume 8 Japans Total Empire Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. Berkeley University of California Press, 1998.1 Beasley, W.G., Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945. (Oxford Clarendon Press, 1987), 2512 Young, Louise. Twentieth Century Japan The Emergence of a World Power, Volume 8 Japans Total Empire Manchuria and the Culture of Wartime Imperialism. (Berkeley University of California Press, 1998.), 893 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 694 Laurie Barber and Ken Henshall, The Last War of Empires Japan and the Pacific War, (Auckland Dav id Batement Ltd, 1999), 565 Thompson, Robert Smith. Empires on the Pacific World War II and the Struggle for the Mastery of Asia. (New York Basic Books, 2001), 396 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 2557 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 1348 S Araki, Imperial way, ( speech, January 23 1933) quoted in Ion, A Hunt, B, War And Diplomacy Across The Pacific 1919-1952, (Canada Wilfrid Laurier University Press 1988), 1409 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 25610 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 25611 Beasley, Japanese Imperialism, 1894-1945, 25712 Blakeslee, George H, THE JAPANESE MONROE DOCTRINE. Foreign Affairs 11, no. 4 (July 1933) 671-681.13 Crozier, Andrew J. The Causes Of The Second World War. (Oxford Blackwell Publishers, 1997), 19814 Chang, Iris. The Rape Of Nanking. (New York BasicBooks, 1997), 29

Science And Technology In Malaysia Marketing Essay

Science And engine room In Malaysia Marketing EssayThe two parts of Malaysia argon Malayan peninsula and the states of sabah and sarak. There be 13 states in Malaysia and has 3 territories. It has a total land mass of 330000 sq km. the fourth fifth part of it is tropical rain forest bea. it got independence in 1957.It find outs the parliamentary democracy ashes which is been rotated at every fiver long time .In Malaysia various civilizations be fol sm all(prenominal)(a)ed and it has a multilingual society with 28.66mn slew. In Malaysia there are 57.1% malay people, 24.6 % Chinese people , 7.3% Indians and 11% other people.There is a freedom of religion in Malaysia although major part of the people follow islam.61.3% people follow islam 19.8% follow Buddhism ,9.2% follow Christianity ,6.3 follow Hinduism and 2.6% practices other religion.The economy of malaysia was not that grievous previously as it was a middle income country.But it has start outed its country in every orbit just now mostly the focus is on heights engineering science and capital intensive industries.It is to a fault focusing on the take to the woods attention in Malaysia. As it is continuously developing their economic performance has also improved which has also improved their ranking 7th place out of 59th economies.It is among the 20 trading nations.it is bedded among the top 5 competitive competitive nations. It is also 21st exporter among the worldwide nations.Malaysia is also a location which provides low cost competition for investors who wants to manufacture innovational technological point of intersection. the economy of Malaysia is also reinforcered by the Malaysian government policy.It has also launced economic transformation program which identifies 12 natioanl key economic areas which wreak to the grouth of Malaysia . Vision 2020 is to transform Malaysia into a high income country and for which Malaysia requires annual growth rate GNI of 6%.Due to the weaker field demand GDP growth set down to 4.0 percent year -on- year and further implementation of ETP project will boost domestic demand, but unlikely tooffset underperformance in net exports.Germany has good trade relations with Malaysia and germany also invest good amount of money in Malaysia .malaysia also holds the second face when it comes to usinf of german products.As we know that germany is the largest exportor of automobile parts,so Malaysia also spell outs large amount of automotive parts in germany.As Malaysia is the huge market for automotive industry several german manufacturers view pictureed into the Malaysia .they solely work only for the automotive industry.we merchant ship guide on the example of several companies such(prenominal) as BMW Benz,Mercedes Benz.The distribution of the product is gondolaried out by the brand proprietor or the company itself such as BMW Benz, Mercedes Benz.The Malaysian government also had developed several policy to develop the automotive industry of Malaysia and strengthen the direct of the industry ao that they can reduce their dependability on agriculture. They are focusing on automotive industry mainly so that they can reach the position of a developed nation by 2020.The most burning(prenominal) thing for Malaysia is their seaborne trade. They halt seven international ports which has helped them to increase their trade with other countries. demeanor klana and the port of Tansung have been ranked in top 120 ports in the world.When it comes to business the most important thing is that we have to keep in headway business meeting schedule. They should not be scheduled on the prayer time. When we are doing the business with muslims as the country is dominated by muslims.When a company is doing business with Malaysian government than it should be done in their language of bhara. Other business with Malaysian companies are done in English.In their culture they give more importance to their designations a nd also what are think that is to be done in the job. There are somewhat etiquettes that are to be followed with Malaysian companies. The currency of Malaysia is 1 rinngit and the GDP growth rate is 5%.The inflation rate is 3.3% 3.5% in Malaysia. They export many commodities like electronic, petroleum products, rubber products and so on The rate of unemployment is 3.0%.In the automotive industry after the formation of the policy two projects were there which dominated the market. They are proton and perodua Whereas proton brought a huge change in the industry.Previously they were doing the work of assembly line and they moved from it and started producing vehicles due to which the business reduced because people preferred to buy their own country brand.Malaysia hold the third position in the car market. In 2012 budget, the government has provided some benefits for the phylogeny of domestic automobile industry.As there are many unlike competitors precede in the Malaysian marke t the government of Malaysia is trying to protect their engineering science industry from the competitors and therefore save to protect their industry they have made certain policiesSo that they can protet teir domestic companies from their competitors and that the country can develop rather than being depeendant on any other investors.They have introduced certain policies and tariffs .Therefore just to protect their industry they are imposing certain confinements on foreign competitors.They are taking high excise duties from their foreign competitors so that they can utility of these companies and at the same time it does nat harm their own domestic market.They are imposing import duties .according to the MTI the foreign companies have to work cooperatively with the local partners.The duties that are imposed on the vehicles depend upon the type of the vehicles.Information technology is playing an decisive role in the professional and personal lives of any individual. The const ituents of the technology are Computers, communications, digital information, and softwares.Also, those who search aggressively for opportunities to learn more about technology and those who choose not to learn anything at all about technology, there are many things to recognize the potential value of technology for their day to day lives and also those who realize that a better understanding of technology will be helpful to them. This realization have some several factors technology has entered in ones lives over a relatively brief period of time with little specimen and essentially no formal educational preparation among the fewer peopleCurrent use of technology have a limited understanding of the tools that are been utilise and a belief that they are underutilizing them.Few people do not feel confident or in control when they are confronted by technology, and they would like to be more certain.Also, there have been impressive claims for the potential benefits of technology, and many would like to realize those benefits.There is an concern on the part of some individuals that changes implied by technology which leads to potential risks to social values, freedoms or economic interests, etc., obligating them to survive informed.Modern information technologies are a rapidly advancing field that can further new effective means for retailers to reach consumers. Methods profiled below include the use of the Internet as a provider of static information and facilitator of traceability schemes, in-store synergistic screens and information kiosks, personal shopping assistants, television monitors, mobile technologies and customer club cards. Smart ads, interactive window-shopping and holographic imaging as emerging technologies are also profiled.A second occupation of technology includes traceability schemes, which go beyond providing static information to enable consumers to trace supply chains of individual products. Todays emerging application offers retailer s an opportunity to increase consumer trusts in both the retailer and the products on. Also, when tracing products through the supply chain, consumers can feel more that they are part of the chain, which helps in change magnitude the likelihood of environmental and social externalities being considered in purchasing decisions. With increased knowledge of supply chain issues gained by compiling traceability of information that offers tangible benefits to retailers such as quality tracking.Technologies also offer another opportunity to provide sustainability information to consumers. Quick Response (QR) have been used in malaysia to transfer product information in-store to the consumer. Through QR code readers are mainly available through a technology called i-mode a japanese mobile communications company. QR codes which are absolved by a mobile phone camera are affixed onto a product or package and direct consumers to online product information via receiving set internet i.e mobil e phones.The Malaysian technology report presents the technology requirements resulting from the activities of the process design teams, that describes the of target technological environment that is required to support the activities. and also provides union of the costs associated with the deployment of the environment. Also provides the description of the assumptions made by the team during the project, and an illustration of the data model used during the estimating process. The technology project results in a physique of significant changes to the existing application environmentNew applications are visioned for Service sectors. These systems are supported by the use of imaging technology.The Service systems will be augmented to provide Private Agents with a drug user-friendly interface, and will also employ imaging technology.The Service system will be provided with the consistent user interface. There is not a requirement for imaging services within this applicationScience and Technology in MalaysiaIn Malaysia science policy is adjust by ministry of science, technology and innovation, ministry of agriculture and the ministry of health. In 1998 high- tech exports made 54% Malaysian export. And in 1987 to 1997 research and suppuration used 0.24% GNP.Malaysian national quadriceps agency in 2002 formed which deals with Malaysian space activities, space education and space experiments.RazakSAT satellite is a remote sensing satellite with the CCD camera. Angkasawan space escape program helpful for the Malaysia to transport one Malaysian to the space station.Malaysian privatized part of its military in 1970s to support national information and by this Malaysian defense industry council formed. And government also making efforts for the competitiveness and development of the sector. The Malaysian armed force uses weapons and hi-tech weapons and military imported from foreign countries.The Malaysian Antratic Research Program and national antratic researc h center were established to became partly to the antratic treaty.Biomass Energy TechnologyIn the 9th Malaysian plan biomass energy has disposed(p) more importance. Many incentives were provided for the promotion of biomass energy. It is used for the palm oil, rubber and brick making and also for the commercial use through this small renewable commercial program.By the process of conversion biomass is converted into liquid fuel and the part of it is used for the diesel in Malaysia. Through fermentation and gasification, biomass is converted into biogas.This status of technology used in Malaysia with environmentally clean and economically clean and viable system. Through the application of biomass technology number of issues were solved of emissions.For the techno-economic analysis many issues like advertize cost and availability of raw material were solved. The technology from biomass exact environment friendly produced high quality fuel from types of biomass and producing high g rade fuel from low quality waste like feedstock.For the removal of hazardous air pollutants cost efficient preventive pre-treatment effective technology were used.For the demand of liberalized energy and cogeneration market this technology developed. And this require a good commercialization plan for the success of this technology in Malaysia. And for this commercial programs are also highlighted.Technology will also make a significant contribution to the automation of internal business activities. Workgroup products will be used to manage the handling of customer requests, approval processes, and product development cycles, and shared databases will be used for the efficient creation and prudence of stakeholder, agent, customer, or product information. The use of such tools facilitates the automatic collection of performance statistics, allowing for the management of cycle times and further improvement ofthe automated processes. As a key part of this environment, integrated office automation products and usage standards will be implemented.In 2011 Malaysian self-propelling Association registered a decrease of vehicles of 7.5% and this sales was affected due to disruption of the supply chain from natural disasters in Japan and Thailand. Now in2012 sales expected to raise but not much as of hybrid vehicles which expected to grow 60%. In Malaysia national car manufacturer appoint other companies to act as a distributor for them ,while foreign car makers choose different means to distribute their automobile Majorly Malaysia import the car parts and components rather export. As it get export to AESAN countries Thailand and Indonesia,but large quantities are also transferred to China, Syria and UK.Component industryIn early 1980 with launching of proton the development of the ancillary and supporting industries holdd opportunities for growth in the manufacturing of component parts and accessories.Now therearemorethan704automotive components and parts manufactured in Malaysia and there about 45 vendors in the automotive component industry who has achieved the capabilities to design and develop, components and manufacture the whole component both for the original equipment and replacement markets .Malaysia being main producers and exporters of vehicle parts, accessories in the countries like in Japan, Germany and the UK due to their quality, compliance with international standards and competitive prices.Now, with facing many challenges with globalization the Malaysian government felt that there is a policy framework for the domestic automotive sector the government launched the National Automotive Policy (NAP)in March2006,which primarily aims at progressive market.In September2009,the NAP was revised to encourage new investments, match a long term sustainability of the domestic automotive industry, ensure safety and quality of products and services and protection of the environmentAn economic region grows togetherIn2002,the ASEANwas founded to facilitate trading relations between the Asian countries in particular, but global economy also profiting from commit ment encourage competitiveness.Malaysia, as a member, to the policies decided upon in this multilateral forum it gradually reduced trade barriers. Over the years the government has pull to pieces its protective policies. Import duties on CKD (completely knocked-down units) and CBU(completely builtup units)from ASEAN members have been reduced to 0%and 5%.Duties from non-ASEAN countries for CKD have been reduced to 0%- 10%,while duties on CBU have now reacheda30%.As former prime minister Turn Dr Mahathir said that Malaysia cannot swear on imported auto technology forever the country chartered to invent new technology in the automobile industry especially in green technology engineering and electric-powered engines which were currently the main focus of manufacturers and producers of cars in the world.He said now it time to move from preventing itself from continu ed dependence on foreign technology, home grown technology could also contribute to the economy of the country.Most of our work is only in assembling or putting together products made by other people .Chief executive officer MadaniSahari said that Today, items such as airbags, global positioning systems (GPS) and anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are naturally include in all cars in other countries but in Malaysia these high-tech items are not present.In 1983, Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad, then Prime Minister, established Proton to build the national car in collaboration with Mitsubishi. The car name Proton Saga rolled in 1986 as the first nation car (NC) and thereafterIn 1993, Perodua was established and, in collaboration with Daihatsu, launched the PeroduaKancil as the second NC .The main objective of the automotive vision was to spin off local suppliers, create job opportunities, upgrade the know-how of our workforce and, ultimately, to create a local identity for the Malaysian automobi le sector.Though much efforts are made by government for customers to buy national car but customer refer to buy non national car because right safety they get from other brands.The sales of car in Malaysia over the last five years have increasing from 490,768 units in 2006 to 605,156 units in 2010. This has largely been facilitated by easy availability of credit at low interest rates, and a high level of grant on petrol prices.The Malaysian Car Sales shows that Proton and Perodua are the main players, commanding about 55% of the market share. But notwithstanding huge difference in price NC and NNCNNC brands have still managed to acquire share (at 45%) of the market.The reason behind of buying NNC brand because of their more advanced features, better reliability and lower maintenance costs as compared with Proton or Perodua.Now as the technology is going ahead in automobile industry, countries are manufacturing hybrid and alternative-fuel vehicles in which BRAZIL rank first in sel ling this types of cars.Here , Malaysia is out of the sync they neither manufactured or assembled locally .But to support the use of alternative-fuel cars and electric or hybrid cars they need to develop a national system to supply such fuel (e.g. natural gas). Also need to develop a system for the convenient charging of the batteries on highways, and service stations. For develop strategies the NAP has not given incentives.As the people of country has much restriction for buying NNC the Government must take bold steps to reform the automotive industry. With their global marketing strategies, Malaysia can emerge as a central point of their new supply chains, particularly for components of advance technology car for the huge china marketOther steps government can take that they have large reserves of natural gas,they should also take immediate steps to establish a national natural-gas supply system for natural-gas cars. This fundament is crucial for the mass utilization of this alte rnative fuel vehicleFurther the research has been shown that how Malaysia automotive industry will be grow in coming years The government has been avidly promoting green vehicles, such as hybrids and electric vehicles (EVs). This is reflected by the exemption of import and excise duties for hybrid vehicles. The development of Electric vehicles technology and infrastructure will be spearheaded by the Malaysian Green Technology Corporation under the Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water with active collaboration from the Malaysian Automotive Institute (MAI) and Proton.ASSOCIATIONFederation of Malaya Motor Traders Association or FMMTA established in the year 1960and the main objective was to discuss issues relating to the Motor Industry. And that many name changes of this association and finally in 2000 it name became The Malaysian automotive association established with the aim to encourage, promote and protect the interest of the Automotive Industry in Malaysia.The main sco pe of this associationDevelop and protect interest of Members.Make common representation to Governmental Agencies on issues affecting the Motor Vehicle Industry. conk with the public through various media on industry issues, position andobjectives.Now Malaysia is focuses on investment in high technology and capital intense industry at target focusing on green technology and new merging technologies. There is a continuous growth and they are finding alternatives investments from foreign companies The government had also liberalized in many sector so that foreign companies participates in equity Indian investment of $1.2 billion was done in manufacturing sector.Technology in banknote The Malaysian government have used the latest banknote technology so that the security is maintained This increases the security features and the new technology have certain thing such as shadow, image, watermark portrait with fixed and colored glossy patch. This will also be helpful to the people to the people cannot see properly as it has tactile can to identification so that it would be can to identify and differentiate the denomination.Greener technology It is a undischarged potential in the solar energy and is putting circuits of efforts for the development of this sectorAs we know that Malaysian is a developing economy who wants to move towards a technology driven world and high technology manufacturing type of development and there it is copying the NIES.Malaysia is considered to be the country which has a potential to develop and invest new technologies on their own without taking the help of other countries.The development in the technological field is very much in Malaysia. This development in the technology is catching attention of other countries. As Malaysia and the NIES are situated in the same region and to a certain point they have same economy and the trade methods. Malaysia has a very firm basis so that they can make its own tactical developments by seeing the NI E strategies and by using the proper method they can achieve the growth in the business.As it is not possible for Malaysia to bring the technology models from other NIES. As all the countries in NIES have different technology and they are using different method for development in the high technology market. As there is lot of dissimilarity in the technology it becomes difficult for the country to adopt this technology very easily and used this technology efficiently in their domestic market. So there are not a single strategy that can be adopted from other countries which would satisfy that this would succeed in the technology in Malaysia.Malaysia need to adopt new technology for the development so that they can best use the strategy.The strategies that can be used to evaluate the technology of Malaysia is their force of development.The capabilities can be evaluated based on two types(1) Product Technology(2) Process Technology.The resources based strategies can be evaluated based on the performance of a company how they best used the resources is very uniquely.As we know that the resources of the materials are equally divided in the heterogeneous manner the difference that remains become equal. There is also a connection between the firms things and the advantage they get i.e. the competitive advantage.The tactical resources that are to be evaluated are Human Resources, Research and increment etc. The development and the success of the country depend upon the development of policies and how they execute their plans and policies at the national level.Malaysia has used several strategies and they have used different policies to a great extent so the resources that are to be allocated, the various skills needed should be developed are done very perfectly. Malaysian government have also formed various guidelines to enter the technology in their country. And so that they can match this economies with other countries economies.When we talk about the human capital Malaysian is lagging behind because the population there is very lass so when it comes to using human capital it is relatively less as compared to other countries.capital of Singapore is developing good system and training centers so that they give education to everyone and can convert this unskilled working people into highly skilled people.Technology development also includes research and development part. When it comes to development if there is no proper Research and Development the country cannot make progress. The investment put in research and development of Malaysia was very less and if we see the patents that is given to Malaysia is very less. The main reason that is a back draw point for RD is the financial tone and lack of skill people in the field of research and development. For the development of country and also for RD market research is also important because if we want to enter into the market then we should know what are factors that are existing in the market so that one can work accordingly.Mostly RD research specie are provided in the field of electronic industry which is contributing more to the GDP of Malaysia. It is a problem for Malaysia as the heavily depend upon the export of the electronic products and there for some where they have to develop other technologies also so that they can do well and develop technology. Foreign technology transfer plays an important role in the technology and in this JAPAN and US are two major players in FDI sources in the technology development of Malaysia.

Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays Papers

Oliver TwistA Criticism of Society or a BiographyWith whole of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles devil. The novels protagonist, Oliver, is a safe person at heart surrounded by the filth of the capital of the United Kingdom streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. Its presumptive that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because its a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social detriment and the victims of it.During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner party one night. After making this simple request, the mast er (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Olivers head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour. Dickens was even quoted as saying, I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of... Oliver Twist Essay -- Essays PapersOliver TwistA Criticism of Society or a BiographyWith all of the symbolism and moral issues represented in Oliver Twist, all seem to come from real events from the life of its author, Charles Dickens. The novels protagonist, Oliver, is a good person at heart surrounded by the filth of the London streets, filth that Dickens himself was forced to deal with in his everyday life. Its probable that the reason Oliver Twist contains so much fear and agony is because its a reflection of occurrences in Charles Dickens past. Oliver Twist also brought to light the evils of social injustice and the victims of it.During his childhood, Charles Dickens suffered much abuse from his parents. This abuse is often expressed in his novel. For example, while suffering from starvation and malnutrition for a long period of time, Oliver was chosen by the other boys at the orphanage to request more gruel at dinner one night. After making this simple request, the master (at the orphanage) aimed a blow at Olivers head with a ladle and placed him confinement. As noted by Patricia Marks in her article on Dickens, childhood experience and suffering had emerged as a significant new topic in romantic poetry, and Dickens was personally impelled towards it by memories of his own pre-teenage years when, with the rest of his family in prison and himself alone, he was thrown into manual labour. Dickens was even quoted as say ing, I might easily have been, for any care that was taken of...

The Importance of Sleep, Nutrition, and Exercise Essay -- Health Nutri

The Importance of Sleep, Nutrition, and ExerciseM wholly students today ask why they are so jade all the time. It also seems that people in college become more stressed out either because of grades or because of work. All people indispensableness to do is bring about the right amount of sleep, rusting well, and exercise in order to feel soften about themselves and feel good in general. This is not a victimize process. Most experts say that it takes about twelve weeks in order to see results. But, it is guaranteed that later that duration of time one will see a colossal improvement in oneself. Sleep is something that most people take for granted. It is the one thing that people are willing to compromise even more thus food or money. It is estimated that between 40 to 60 million Americans are sleep deprived. Different people can get by with different amounts of sleep. at that place are some that can survive the next day with only a few hours. Then there are always others who cannot be called after 900 because they need those good solid 10 hours. The average person actually needs anywhere from between 7-9 hours a night. Why does one need sleep? When human bodies do not get enough sleep they tend to lose strength, the immune system decreases, and there is an increase in affinity pressure. As students, it can effect concentration, memory, logical reasoning, and ability to do math. Now that the problem is known here is how to fix it. Dr. Stanley Coren, a professor of psychology at the University of British Columbia, focuses on consistency. The body needs consistency. This can be fulfilled by simply going to bed at the same time either night and waking up at the same time every day. But, it is important to note that making up for lost sleep on the weekends is a big negative. It is preferable that if one likes to sleep on the weekends wake up at the same time Saturday and Sunday. When going to bed it should take about 15 to 20 minutes to fall asleep. If a half-hour has gone by and one still is not asleep one should get up and do something relaxing (i.e. take a warm bath, read, watch TV, etc.). Rita Mattson, a Certified Personal Trainer and Stress Management Counselor, makes the suggestion of drinking warm draw before retiring to bed because milk contains a high dosage of L-tryptophan which is a natural sedative. Sleep is just as important as any other part of taking good care of ones self. Another... ...ssue) provide a delicate support frame for the breasts that can be damaged by excessively much bouncing and stretching. There are two types of sports bras compression bras and encapsulation, harness-type bras. The first works better for smaller breasted women because of the fit and the second tends to work better for larger women. When choosing the correct one for you take into account the fit, how much support it is giving for the exercise that is going to be done, fabric (does it absorb moisture well), seams and secure to avoid chaffing, and mobility. After taking all these into account one can be assured that he is well prepared for the exercise routine.In conclusion, all the factors mentioned above can lead to a less stressful life. Sleep can help the body relax to deal with everyday pressure. People who eat a diet low in refined carbohydrates, sugar and caffeine, and high in whole grains, have shown a greater ability to cope with stress as in contrast to those who consume the opposite. Exercise, as well, is a way to release stress and tension (i.e. running, kickboxing, stair stepping, etc.). If one keeps all the factors in school principal a healthier happier life can be achieved.

Consumer Goods :: miscellaneous

Consumer GoodsA few years ago I was walking around my old hometown, Portland, Oregon. I walked yesteryear a basketball court full of teens stoping Ambercrombie shirts and Nike shoes. Bro, why dont you get some of these cool clothes, rather than that boring and odd shirt you have on? one of them said to me. No, thanks. I like what I have on. I wasnt going to let them persuade me to waste my money on expensive democratic clothing when I already liked what I was wearing.As you can see by my experience, many the Statesns, especially high school students, shop to count on cool by wearing popular clothing. They emphasize wearing the right hand type of clothes. For instance, an adolescent clothing addict shitd Delia Cleveland believed clothes made the woman and everything else was secondary winding (193). Teenagers buy the right clothes so theyll be popular. In high schools today, many students are seen with an Ambercrombie & Fitch label or shirt bearing the name of the company. Thats because they repeatedly rank it near the top in terms of coolness. (Cave 199). By wearing the A&F clothes, people see them as cool and accordingly respect them. However, its not always about wearing a certain companys clothes to look cool it can be about wearing the right color clothes or buying caps that show a logo of a sports team.Why do teenagers make such a big agglomerate out of wearing the right kinds of clothes? A big reason is the fact that many of them go to rough high schools, so they have to wear the right type of clothes, because if they dont, they might get picked on. I have had many friends in this situation. This can make them get used to wearing popular clothing, and accordingly they really start doing it, possibly even to show off their clothes. Luckily Ive never had to go to high school (I was homeschooled), so I havent had to go with with looking cool by wearing popular clothing. IN my opinion, clothes are clothes, and it doesnt make any difference what they look like. But in America today, often thats not the case.Another reason people buy what they buy is because the media influences them greatly, with symbols and rule-breaking strategies. On the telvision today I often see commercials influencing the viewer to buy a prodcut, one way or the other.

Oceans :: essays research papers

OceansThe ocean covers Seventy-one sh ar of our planets surface. Life isconcentrated, however, in about four percent of it, and it is this four percentthat is being polluted by the tons every daylight. Everyone needs to understand thatthe oceans are not endless, and not bottomless. They also much claver that theocean contains much marine life which are essential to our eco-system. And inorder to preserve this other world of life, we must stop polluting the oceans,and begin to denude them up. Although using the ocean for a toxic waste dump mayprovide for a cheap alternative, we must not succumb to these barbaric urges.If we remissness to deal with these ideals, than the world as we know it may not beas great a world for our children as it was for us.First, we need to understand that the oceans are not the vast resourcesthat we believe them to be, but just vulnerable natural resources. BeforeColumbus day, the ocean were fancy to be boundless. Although Columbus provedthis theory incorrect, the thought still remains in todays societies. For weof the 20th century still treat the ocean as the endless, bottomless pit it wasconsidered to be in medieval times.(Heyerdahl) The legal age of the worldspopulation still lives under the misconception that the ocean is a hungry abyss,eager to devour all their waste. These beliefs, however, are all untrue. Theaverage depth of the oceans is only a little more than a mile, when in fact,some lakes exceed this depth rather handily. Although the size of the ocean isoften pondered, the thought that it may one day be gone, is never evenconsidered.The vast majority of all life in the ocean, inhabits only 1/25 of thesewaters, but it is these surroundings that are in the most danger. In thebeginning of the world, marine plankton was vital to the evolution of man.Today, it is even more important to us, being that it provides us with a greatpercentage of type O we receive. These minute plant species manufactured somuch oxygen that i t rose above the surface to help form the atmosphere we havetoday.(Heyerdahl) With the disappearance of the plankton with increasedpollution, the obvious result will be a total deprivation of our oxygen supply,in turn limiting all people to legitimate limits. And with urban expansion leadingto deforestation, our dependence upon marine life becomes heightened. Theimportance of marine plankton cannot be emphasized enough, yet most people failto fuck it as the vital life supply it is.