Globalisation and Mental Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalisation and Mental Disorders - Essay Example The results of the study shall be indicative of the current situation and are valuable in the improvement of treatment provision for a population that is increasingly becoming culturally diverse due to the large influx of people from other cultural backgrounds. With this knowledge, the society shall then be able to identify and take the appropriate steps to improve the way depressed people are being treated. Funding in the amount of  £2,800 is requested for expenses incurred during research the bulk of which shall be used for access to publications whose material is available only for a certain fee. To what extent has the relationship of depression, culture and treatment explored and how is the knowledge gained from this exploration being applied in the formulation of treatment for depressed patients? The researcher hypothesizes that there is little substantial research in this field and that results are limited due to the complexity of dealing with the subject of culture and associating it with another complex subject called depression. Hence, a lack of understanding of depression, within various cultures and communities exists, including the comprehension of the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. There is a desperate requirement for general medicine and public health services to understand the cultural needs of individuals when generating a diagnosis or treatment regime. Depression can have debilitating effects on the individual as it can lead to self-inflicted injuries and other destructive behavior. If left unchecked, it could also have severe consequences to society as evidenced in the school shootings and stabbings by clinically depressed individuals. However, in the field of depression treatment, there is the general tendency to adopt standards and procedures which has been developed in the past with one cultural group in mind.  

Exploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents Essay

Exploring Inferential Statistics and Their Discontents - Essay Example fers to a linear model applied in statistical analysis; it is used in testing hypotheses, factor in estimates, known quantities and other sources of errors in statistical experiments. Thus, GLM matters since it is used in quantifying the relationship between a number of predictor variables and a dependent variable. Parametric methods or statistics refer to those methods that assume normality of a population or used after approximation by normal distribution immediately after invoking CLT (central limit theorem). On the other hand, non-parametric methods refer to general statistical techniques that do not make assumptions about normality of a population under study. In addition, these methods do not depend on the population which is being studied. Thus, they can also be referred to as distribution free methods. Compared to parametric methods, non-parametric methods are becoming more popular because statisticians or researchers are not supposed to be constrained to make assumptions on the population under study. Therefore, to compare the two methods, we consider a case of finding confidence interval on the mean. Both methods are required for this type of problem since parametric methods are deemed to be more efficient than non-parametric methods. However, difference in efficiency may not be a bi g issue but we need to decide on a method that is more efficient depending on the problem in question (Sheskin, 2000). It is crucial to pay attention to assumptions of statistical tests since a number of incorrect background assumptions will definitely result to inaccurate conclusions about a population being studied. Thus, such assumptions must be made with a lot of care. For cases of dependent variable scores that are not normally distributed, they can be transformed and use the alternative statistical of non-parametric methods in order to make equal weights on the variables. P=0.05 in statistics means the 5% probability of obtaining appropriate results from a given

Vegetarian Diet Is It Good Or Bad Philosophy Essay

Vegetarian Diet Is It Good Or Bad Philosophy Essay God has created food in different varieties and there are different ways to obtain it, so it was clearly easy to anyone to differentiate in the way theyre obtaining there food and how they want to cook it and how they want to eat it. For instance we can say that some people might like to have their meat meal from a choose of different categories like well done, medium or rare, but rare makes up for the minority number of people. In other words its just as some people have got the privilege to eat meat some choose not to have a small amount of meat or even any meat at all, these people undergoes the title vegetarians, vegetarians can also be called veggies or vegans but both of the names both lead to a same meaning. Some vegetarians choose to be so in order to avoid the slaughtering and vigorous killing of living organisms and some of them are veggies just because they dont like the taste of a meat itself, also some may be forced to avoid eating meat and thats because of a medical iss ue or any motherly forced environment .Vegetarians and being one of them has its own pros and cons, like for instance its claimed by some people that vegetarian diet is considered to be healthier than a meat including diet but fights and rumors keeps subjecting this case mainly, as for example we can use as a start that a vegetarian diet lacks the mighty highly needed component the vita D12 which is essentially needed by the body and needs to be taken in diet in a way or another and on the other hand being a vegetarian effects the current personnel social life and these people are mostly left singled and alone in our now daily community and are often more criticized than meat eating ones. Another name could be given to non meat eaters (vegetarians) is to be the people who practice not to eat meat, fish and any milk products or even eggs. a commercial name that is currently used by vegetarians is veggies. According to the vegetarian union , the word vegetarian has never been there before 1840 i.e its not an ancient tradition its just 150 years old and the word itself was considered an official word that can be used world widely at the 1847 at a meeting of a society of vegeterians at the UK. Vegetarians are found throughout the whole global world, and they are categorized by different areas,relegions,cultures,and race. For example vegetarians can also be differentiated into two different subsidiaries lacto vegeterians and ovo lacto vegetarians also we have got the Islamic type of vegeterians which are given the name Halal vegeterians.To start with the difference between lacto and ovo lacto its a slight one though but it makes up two complete different communities so lacto vegetarians type are the traditional vegetarians that doesnt come close or eat anything that contains meat nor any dairy products unlike the ovo lacto in which this category of vegans can easily drink dairy products and can still follow the title vegetarians and these are mainly in the western countries so its not like all vegetarians never eat anything living, so coming back to the halal vegetarian which is currently and mainly followed by the middle eastern community (The Islamic community) and this b ranch of vegetarians forces its people to eat meat under certain Islamic laws and the meat or any living thing eaten must follow a certain Islamic procedures without having the free privilege to eat that meat. Some other people are forced ot become vegetarians because of their religion, like jews,Judaism, Jews follow some guidelines that they are forced to follow same as how we mention halal vegan diet in Islam. But in case Jews follow the guidelines in which its mentioned there the types of diet they are allowed to have and which is prohibited to them, this sort of food diet is given the name Kosher. Its also divided into several divisions in which some have meat and some dont and some just have dairy products and some dairy products are not allowed and some are just allowed in small amounts so their aint a single type of kosher diet. A huge step like turning to a vegetarian takes place under a series of vital reasons, it can be because of sympathizing with animals and them being slaughtered, well after all this is not considered the only reason that might make people turn from a normal diet to a vegetarian diet, some just tunr to being a vegan due to health problem or digestion problems like stomach pain or ulcers and the fact that eating less meat doesnt affect the body negatively as much as eating excessive meat can cause to a human personnel. And as discussed by the professor doctor Yasser ashour the dean of physiology that excessive meat and some people stomach sensitive to meat may suffer sleeping disorders,nausea,headache,even diarrhea. So being a vegetarian might also have a positive effect to some people around us excluding the fact of that are they forced to be a diet are they choose to be on their own. However some doctors and therapists may order the human personnel to immediately stop eating meat due to a disease or a tumor. Also meat eating can be limited when a person notice3s that hes suffering from high cholesterol level or high fat level as if he continues on consuming meat and being a meat eater, fat and cholesterol deposition may occur in the main arteries and may cause atherosclerosis and blood clot. Not eating meats stops many important life factors from being in a human life, as the vegetarian diet lacks a lot of meat important contents which is important for normal human growth and normal body functions. Its just like god created goats to eat green food, lions to feed on meat, trees to feed on soil contents and humans to feed on both meat and vegetables ,this must happen to maintain a stable life cycle. Back to meat important components is the vita B12, which is important for cell replication and movment,formation of white and red blood cells, it also plays a vital rule in pregnancy and to maintain the optimum growth of the fetus inside his mum umbilical region. The international vegetarian union stated that vita b12 is needed for optimum growth of a human being and that vitab12 can never be obtained from plants unless these plants are infected, they also stated that the human body doesnt require huge amounts of vita b12 in fact a 1 microgram a day is more than enough to maint ain a constant body fluidity. Which in fact shows the vital importance of vita b12 and that a deficiency in it is considered a huge problem and mainly effects the life of the personnel lacking it by causing sever nerve damages and neurogenic disorders which may lead to serious shocks for ex: Hypovelmic shock in which the body keeps internally draining blood. Although some vegetarians excluded all the above facts and stated that vita b12 can be actually maintained and compensated with a mixture of a nutritional yeast, although in the other hand vegetarians also claimed that the deficiency of vita b12 can be replaced by vitamin pills at which they actually excluded that the vitamin pills itself is made from an organic living content as we mentioned above vita b12 cant be obtained from any diet except a meat containing diet. On the other hand excluding the vita b12 importance vegetarians are also supplemented to a deficiency of an important fatty acid which can only be obtained by havi ng a diet containing fish. It was also proved by the anthropology researchers that humans who were found thousands of years ago who used to eat meat are identified with their large brains than those who didnt eat meat,it was explained in an article Human evolutionary anatomy by Aiello ,leslie christpher dean, It was explained that the main reason to proper growth of body and brain was known by our ancestors by eating meat which was considered the most high source of energy ,power, and calories and in fact was a main meal so as a result of people nowadays claiming to be vegetarians they are the reasons of them having smaller brains and also occupying a smaller mass than our old ancestor due to a decrease in body figure which is caused by a decrease in the main energy source which is meat. Some people turn into vegetarians to avoid the killing of animals. On the contrary, to serve the vegetarian diet, deforestation is needed to provide land for crops. As a result many animals will be homeless; being vegetarian has nothing to do with saving animals. Vegetarian diet kills animals too. Some of these animals are rabbits and mice. Also deforestation may cause soil erosion and water floods which may lead to severe extinction in some animal species and gives room for natural selection and may also lead to the death of water creatures. Another misconception about being vegetarian is that vegetarians live more than non-vegetarians. However, according to oxford vegetarians may live one to three years more than non vegeterians according to scientific researches. Vegetarians diet has decreased cholesterol and fatty acids level and the decrease in diet of meat and fish needs to be compensated by taking nutritional pills, which might be harmful and might negatively affect the personnel health. Socially, vegetarians are afraid of peoples sarcasm since some people see that as an awkward situation. Its only enclosed to adults, but also children are sometimes forced to eat meat by their colleagues or by just some sort of school bully. When a vegetarian is around people may act differently either being so nice and supporting or being really sarcastic. There are several ways in which animals are being killed before being supplied as food for use to easily buy and eat. these ways are divided into 2 main ways Mainstream way in which the animals are firstly stunned mechanically or by gas or even by electricity and then they are left unconscious and moved to another place where their throat is being cut off and then they are sent to the butchers to cut the meat into small pieces or left as a whole to be sold to meat companies or a other butcher shops, this was is commonly used in the uk following the prescribed Eu community of the Uk. This method of killing is considered inhumanly as for some cases the animals may wake up from the unconsciousness stage a might be fully conscious and feel the pain. this method is used with most animals even rabbits and other farmed animals. the other method is the ritual method in which the animal is being strangely hit till it looses consciousness but the darks side of that is that the animal may also gain back conscious before their throats are being cut off and may also suffer which is against the animal rights agencies. At last, it is agreed on that vegetarians are healthier than the non vegetarians due to their highly decreased percentage of fat and cholesterol usage level in the blood but as it is below normal, vegetarians should compensate this deficiency by taking some pills which is extracted from a non animal source. Nevertheless, it doesnt cause increasing their life spam as people may think. On the other hand, the pleasure of having a meat containing diet is being missed by vegans and that there is no religion forbidden eating meat unless it is done under each religions certain laws of eating it. In relation to the above, if animals should or must be killed then not by those painful means mentioned, instead by merciful means that doesnt put them through pain, and for people who are planning to turn to vegetarians take care of the deficiencies and dont let saving animals and caring for them lead u to miscarriage of yourself and ending yourself up in a poorer situation than an animal itself.

Dwarfism Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Dwarfism Dwarfism. What is it? What causes dwarfism? Is there any form of treatment?And what hope does a dwarf have of living a normal life? Dwarfism is a condition found in both genders where, according to the website Little People of America, the average adult height is approximately of four feet. Out of over one hundred types of dwarfism, achondroplasia is the most common.According to the Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dysplasis, achondroplasia â€Å"occurs in approximately 1 in 26,000 to 1 in 40,000 births.†Distinguishable features of a dwarf with achondroplasia, says the Greenberg Center, are disproportionate arms and legs accompanied by a large head.Although in the novel, Hegi never reveals what type of dwarfism Trudi has, strong evidence leans toward the diagnosis of achondroplasia.Trudi tries to reduce the size of her head by tying her mother’s scarves around it (9).The shortness of her legs is displayed in her attempting to modify her walk from its usual rotating from side to side motion (138). Dwarfism, according to the Greenberg Center, is the result of a genetic condition caused by a new mutation or a genetic change.In 1994, the Center reports that the gene for achondroplasia was found and labeled â€Å"fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3).†This discovery of at least one cause of dwarfism was a breakthrough because dwarfs in the past were simply regarded as inexplicable freaks.But now there is biological evidence of a gene, in which,â€Å"the mutation, affecting growth, especially in the long bones, occurs early in fetal development† (Kennedy 4).It is from this sort of mutation that two parents of average size can give birth to a dwarf.Trudi’s parents in Stones from the River were of normal height, so her dwarfism ... ...d not have to suffer the hurt and pain involved in trying to fit in.Dwarfs, just like the rest of us, are capable of leading full, meaningful, and happy lives.We have only begun to understand the medical aspects of dwarfism, and as we begin to learn more, hopefully we will begin to be more accepting. Works Cited Bankowski, Leann.â€Å"They Couldn’t See Past My Size.†Good Housekeeping Nov. 1999. Egan, Cara M.â€Å"The Seven Dwarfs and I.†Newsweek9 Sept1991:10+. Hall, JG and AGW Hunter.Achondroplasia.Online.Internet.Greenberg Center for Skeletal Dyplasis.25 Sept 2000.Available: http://www.med.jhu.edu/Greenberg.Center/achon.htm/. Hegi, Ursula.Stones from the River.New York:Simon & Schuster, 1994. Kennedy, Dan.Frequently Asked Questions:Little People of America.Online.Internet Danny Black.25 Sept 2000.Available:http://www.lpaonline.org/resources_faq.html/.

Learning Disabilities Essay

My Uncle had a learning disability and it was not until he was in the third grade that it was discovered. His mother and teachers were not worried that by the end of second grade he could still not read, he however can say the alphabet and corresponding sounds of the letters, he could write his name and he did not manifested any other difficulty but that of reading. He said his teachers thought that he was just a slow reader. What his teachers did not know was that he memorized everything by rote and he remembered the sequences of the pictures that were asked during class. It was in the third grade that one of the teachers just finished a specialization in learning disabilities that it was discovered that he had dyslexia, although he remained to be undiagnosed for the next two years because there was no specialist in the town. He said he knew what the name of the pictures was but when he was asked to read, the letters was chasing each other and he could not catch u with the letters. Dyslexia is a learning disability which involves the difficulty and inability to read, spell and write words. On the other hand, dyslexics are highly visual and have excellent long-term memory which accounts for the ability of beginning readers to mask their reading deficiencies (Mather & Goldstein, 2001). The teachers however said that he could still continue going to school and will be given special consideration in his classes due to his condition even without proper medical and psychological assessment. I guess my uncle was lucky that the teachers at his school was understanding and did not give up on him. However he really did not know what his condition was until he had to see a doctor that explained to him what his condition was he could not remember anything about that day but that he could clearly see the face of the doctor and a big window in the office. He also had problems with math which became more pronounced when they were asked to solve math problems by hand. But when called during oral recitation, he knew the answers to the problems. In other subjects he did fairly well especially when he did not have to write or read anything. Some of his teachers gave him oral exams and he had to take it in the teacher’s office after classes. He said it made him feel special and that it did not bother him at all, he did not repeat a grade and he finished until sixth grade in that school. He felt comfortable in this school, although he was the only one who had dyslexia it did not made him feel an outcast. However, there were times when he felt so frustrated at not being able to work on the same tasks and assignments as his classmates did. His classmates tried to help him in doing homework and other projects and he thought it was the best thing for him because it made him feel accepted. But that all changed when he got to high school. High school was difficult for my uncle. He was transferred to a new school because his old school did not have any high school and since he did complete the required subjects and had passing grades he was admitted to a regular public high school. At the start of classes, he was not equipped to face the academic requirements during freshman year as a normal student. After the first quarter, he was placed with the slow learner classes but he was frustrated most of the time because hen was not a slow learner, he could answer all the quizzes if he was just asked rather than writing it. He was too ashamed to tell his mother about things at school that he endured being in the slow learners’ class. He did made friends with the kids in his class but he did not have any friends. The teachers were actually good but did not seem to understand his condition, at the end of the year he was promoted to sophomore year but he begged his mother to transfer him to a school that was not as big as the local high school since he did not have any friends. In the end he was transferred to small private school where special education classes for people with dyslexia were accommodated. In this school, my uncle said he felt at home instantly and he was not afraid of making mistakes and built his confidence again. He had friends who understood his condition and he learned that there were people like him too. Dyslexia is a learning disability that occurs regardless of intelligence level, which means that it does not affect intelligence (Mather & Goldstein, 2001). My uncle is now a landscape architect and his designs are very good. He can do almost anything perfectly without any need for assistance except for reading, writing and working with numbers. He has a positive personality and people like him, when he talks no one would know he is dyslexic. He is an inspiration knowing that he had been able to live a productive life despite his dyslexia. He now uses the tools available for dyslexics like audio-books, drawing pads and picture books. Although he had some difficult experiences in school, he said that one must still strive to go to school and finish college despite having dyslexia. His school during freshman year did not accommodate his learning disability because the school was not informed of his condition, because they lacked the knowledge and the tools to accommodate his condition and he did not take it against the school. My uncle had been fortunate that he was able to benefit from special education classes, accommodating teachers and a supportive family. Learning disabilities is only a difficulty and not a disease hence, proper learning accommodation and measures should be extended to them since they do benefit from the right kind of education (Mather & Goldstein, 2001). Reference Mather, N. & Goldstein, S. (2001). Learning Disabilities and Challenging Behaviors. Baltimore: Paul A. Brookes Publishing.

“Blue Remembered Hills” by Dennis Potter Comparison

In this essay I am going to compare my play with two comparatives. The play I performed was a scripted piece called â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† by Dennis Potter, written in . The other two texts are, â€Å"My Mother said I never should†, by Charlotte Keatley, written in , and â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell, written in . My performance was set in 1943, in the West Country, â€Å"in the long summer holiday†. Naturalistic theatre was used, however, although it was about the events of seven children, adults play them all. War, bullying, abuse, aggression and murder are explored within the play. It was aimed at adults, as the issues it broached were in addressed in great depth, and because it was shown through the naivety of children, children would not understand. The play has historical and political context, and the political affairs of the time dictate the dialogue. The period in which it was set is reflected by the constant references to the War and â€Å"the Japs†. The circumstances of the children, as well as historical background can be seen throughout. For example, when ‘Donald' says: â€Å"I be tired out and all, working on those saw mills. I cut me thumb off an all†. â€Å"My Mother said I never should† is about four ‘ordinary' mothers/daughters and is about the social changes of the twentieth century, spanned over four different era's. It is set in a variety of places according to what best represents the era. It is also naturalistic, relating to my performance. It also incorporates the idea of children dealing with adult issues but not understanding, for instance: Rosie Mum's got the curse. (Pause) Maybe we did it! Doris (Pause) What curse? Rosie The curse. Doris Oh. Yes†¦ How d'you know she's got it? Rosie You can tell. Doris How? Rosie Just can. Mum's been cross with me all morning. It's also aimed at adults; adults play children in the production because they also need to play adults in the production as well as children. In this way it was similar to â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills†. â€Å"Blood Brothers† was aimed at a broad audience, adults and children of all classes. It is also naturalistic, but also uses forms such as, narration and song. This detracts from reality but makes it more interesting. And adults play the children featured in the play yet again, linking the three pieces of theatre. It is set in the 50's and 60's, in the city for the first act and the country for the second, so it is of a similar era to the other two pieces. In â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills†, there is no indication what class the children are from, but they are expected to be working class, and perhaps Angela may be slightly wealthier than the others. Similar to this is â€Å"My Mother said I never should† as they are middle/working class too. However, in â€Å"Blood Brothers† the two main characters Mickey and Edward are from two contrasting classes: upper class, and lower class. There is direct conflict between them, though they are naive due to their age yet again, for example, Edward is referred to as â€Å"a friggin' poshy†. It addresses issues such as prejudice, class, money, status, superstition and violence. All three pieces are similar, using adults to play children especially, this is an interesting approach, and allows the playwright to broach more serious issues and adapt them for families or adults. This may detract from reality but naturalistic movements were used, mimicking children helped present the serious issues further.

The Great Moom Hoax Essays

The Great Moom Hoax Essays The Great Moom Hoax Essay The Great Moom Hoax Essay On July 20, 1969 thefirst dusty footprints left by men on the moon were also indelible footprints left on the hearts and imaginations of the human race. No other adventure was shared by more people. No other quest has meant more to our species as a standard by which we measure our incredible potential. This was one of the most famous days in the history of our planet from the various points of view of people who lived it, right here on Earth. It is One Day in the Life of Earth -late 20th century preserved in the reflection of an extraordinary achievement. Or was it Astronomers, specialists, and amateurs alike have come to several conclusive discoveries that play contrary to thefirst acclaimed, lunar landing. In the following document, arguments and examples will be introduced with liable resources, disregarding all past support on Apollo 11s final destination. It backs up the theory that the exploration and expedition of the lunar landing was an utter fraud, call it as you may, The Great Moon Hoax.Therefore, do to resent study and factual proof, the 1969 lunar landing never actually occurred the way America perceived it to through pictures, video footage, and detailed explanations. While this paper deals with the theory that man indeed never did reach the moon, all readers must understand that not everyone agrees with this.Most of Americas population ignorantly feels that Apollo 11, with Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin Aldrin was thefirst Apollo flight to land on the Moon, on July 20, 1969. While Collins flew in orbit around the Moon in the command module, Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the lunar module, landing in the Sea of Tranquillity.Some of their back up for attacks against the unlikely hood of the hoax are as follows: In regards to the unseen stars, they support it by stating the stars are there!

Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Market The WritePass Journal

Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Marketï » ¿ Executive summary Factors that compelled Tesco to exit the Japanese Marketï » ¿ ). Tesco failed to establish enough scalable business after its 8 years operation in Japan. According to CEO, Philip Clarke, Japanese shopping habits were very different from those envisioned in business strategies and business processes of Tesco. According to Clarke, the British consumers enjoy carrying out a â€Å"big shop† once in a week since there is enough room to keep their shopping. In contrast, for many Japanese, space is premium and carrying out a big shop is not an option. Tesco, like other foreign retail companies, failed to adapt fully to the local shopping habits of the Japanese consumers. Consumers switching from branded luxury products in Tesco stores to more affordable private labels. Despite the demand for staple food and household items remaining flat, some consumers switched from purchasing branded luxury products to private labels that are more affordable. However, the penetration of such private labels products has not been popular compared to branded products because the Japanese consumers are still conscious of the product brand of the item they purchase. A series of food safety scares hit the market. The outbreak of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in Japanese cows, use of non-approved additives in packaged foods and product origin being mislabeled eroded consumer confidence and caused a series of food safety scares in the grocery retail market. The British business format of Tesco failed to compete with department and supermarket stores in Japan. The people of Japan put much emphasis on the quality and freshness of food items. They, therefore, prefer to shop many times in a week instead of carrying out a single bulk shopping in a weekly basis. Departmental store food halls began offering high price but high quality foods while low priced standard food products were offered by supermarkets. Although discount stores started increasingly introducing fresh food product to encourage more customer visits, they were considered to be at the lower end of the market along with convenience stores. The small retail channels have increased their market share in recent years because their business format meets the Japanese consumers’ preference for shopping several times each week. They have also widened their range of services such as the provision of added-value services, bill-paying facilities, cash machines and delivery services. The small retail channels business format is in contrast with Tesco business format. As a result, Tesco faced a challenge of penetrating the highly competitive business segment. The Japanese people are highly demanding and fussy consumers who need to be provided with a wide selection of goods and foodstuffs. The Japanese consumers also value freshness of their produce, and they are likely to question of the stock in a hypermarket such as Tesco. Japanese consumers make frequent visits to many different stores per week instead of carrying out a one stop-shop within a single supermarket store. Conclusion In summary, the expansion strategy taken by Tesco into the Japanese market was a well-timed one. However, the Japanese market posed many difficulties which prevented Tesco penetrating the market and achieving profits. Despite that Tesco invested many resources and formulated strategies to gain the Japanese retail market, its failure to establish a business format to suit the Japanese consumers’ lifestyle envisaged its eventual exit. Other foreign retail companies such as Carrefour SA of France had failed to attain profit. Economic factors also led Tesco’s exit as consumers changed preference. The consumer patterns of the Japanese can be difficult to accommodate and formulate a business format to suit their demands and lifestyle. References Humby C, et al. (2008) Scoring Points: How Tesco Continues to Win Customer Loyalty. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Tesco’s internal data, 2009 (www.tesco.com) Williamson C, et al. (2013) Strategic Management and Business Analysis. London: Routledge.

Listado completo de profesiones para sacar la visa TN

Listado completo de profesiones para sacar la visa TN Los mexicanos que tienen una oferta de trabajo en los Estados Unidos pueden obtener la visa TN. Para poder beneficiarse es necesario ser profesional y tener una titulacià ³n universitaria o, en ciertos casos, una certificacià ³n o licencia o un mà ­nimo de aà ±os de experiencia. Pero no todas las profesiones permiten sacar la visa TN, que se creà ³ como consecuencia del TLC entre Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos y Canad.   Sà ³lo las profesiones que estn incluidas en una lista, que se detalla a continuacià ³n, con especificacià ³n de estudios que se piden o alternativas, cuando es posible.   Profesiones para la visa TN para las  que es necesario ser egresado universitario Asistentes de investigacià ³n (sà ³lo para trabajar en colleges y universidades)Arquitecto de paisajesBibliotecarioConsejero vocacionalConservacionistaEconomistaEstadà ­sticosMatemticosNutricionistaPlanificador urbanoProfesor (sà ³lo en universidades o colleges o seminarios), para maestros: visa J-1 o H-1.SilviculturistasTerapista recreacionalTrabajador social Cientà ­ficos egresados que trabajan como: AgriculturistasAgronomistasApiculturistasAstrà ³nomosBià ³logosBioquà ­micosCientà ­ficos especialistas en animalesCientà ­ficos del sueloEntomà ³logosEpidemià ³logosEspecialista avà ­colaEspecialistas en productos lcteosEspecialistas en reproduccià ³n animalEstadà ­sticosFà ­sicosFitomejorador (plant breeder)GeneticistasGeà ³logosGeofà ­sicosGeoquà ­micosHorticultorMatemticosMeteorà ³logoQuà ­micosPatà ³logo de plantasTerapista recreacionalZoà ³logos Profesiones para las que se requiere ser egresado universitario o tambià ©n se admite otro tipo de credencial Abogado (titulacià ³n universitaria o miembro de colegio de abogados -bar- de Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos o Canad).Actuario (tà ­tulo universitario o credencial)Ajustador de reclamo de seguros por desastres (entrenamiento ms un tà ­tulo o tres aà ±os de experiencia)Analista de sistemas de computacià ³n (titulacià ³n universitaria, diploma post escuela secundaria o certificado post escuela secundaria ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Arquitecto (tà ­tulo universitario o licencia)Consultor en Administracià ³n (titulacià ³n universitaria o cinco aà ±os de experiencia)Dentista (licencia o grado profesional)Dietistas (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Diseà ±ador de interiores (titulacià ³n universitaria, certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Diseà ±ador grfico (titulacià ³n universitaria o diploma post escuela secundaria ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Diseà ±ador industrial (titulacià ³n universitaria, certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)En fermeras/os (registered nurses). Titulacià ³n o licencia.Escritor de publicaciones tà ©cnicas (titulacià ³n o diploma o certificado ms tres aà ±os de experiencia) Farmacà ©uticos (titulacià ³n o licencia)Gerente de hotel (tà ­tulo universitario o diploma o certificado ms tres aà ±os de experiencia)Guardabosque (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Ingeniero (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Mà ©dicos (M.D. o licencia, pero sà ³lo para enseà ±ar o trabajar en investigacià ³n). Para trabajar como mà ©dicos son otros los requisitos.Psicà ³logos (titulacià ³n o licencia)Tecnà ³logo de laboratorio mà ©dico (titulacià ³n universitaria, o certificado o diploma ms tres aà ±os de trabajo)Terapista fà ­sico (titulacià ³n o licencia)Terapista ocupacional (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Topà ³grafo (titulacià ³n universitaria o licencia)Veterinario (grado profesional o licencia) Casos en los que no se pide titulacià ³n ni certificacià ³n o licencia Tà ©cnicos cientà ­ficos Siempre y cuando està ©n trabajando con profesionales en los campos de Astronomà ­a, Biologà ­a, Ciencias Agrà ­colas, Ingenierà ­a, Geologà ­a, Geofà ­sica, Fà ­sica, Meteorologà ­a, Quà ­mica o Silvicultura. Dà ³nde encontrar ms informacià ³n sobre los requisitos para esas profesiones Todos los datos necesarios estn incluidos en el tratado de NAFTA (TLC) en el Anexo 1603, apà ©ndice 1603.D.1 (informacià ³n en inglà ©s) y tambià ©n en el 8 C.F.R.  Ã‚ § 214.6. A tener en cuenta La visa TN es una gran alternativa a la H-1B, que es la que utilizan muchos profesionales pero tiene el gran inconveniente de que sà ³lo se pueden aprobar un nà ºmero fijo por aà ±o fiscal y el nà ºmero de solicitudes es ms grande que el de visas que se pueden dar. A consecuencia de ello, es frecuente que tenga que celebrarse una loterà ­a para determinar quià ©n es el ganador de la H-1B.  Poder obtener una visa TN elimina ese problema. Para tramitar la visa TN se sigue un procedimiento especà ­fico que es diferente al de otras visas de trabajo temporal e incluso al que siguen los canadienses, que tambià ©n pueden disfrutar de estos visados al amparo del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Mà ©xico, Estados Unidos y Canad, que fue cuando se crearon. Por à ºltimo, tener en consideracià ³n que es requisito fundamental para la TN tener una oferta de trabajo en Estados Unidos, no puede utilizarse para el auto-empleo. Opciones en Canad Los profesionistas  mexicanos que desean trabajar en otro paà ­s pueden considerar entre sus opciones no sà ³lo a los Estados Unidos sino que tambià ©n Canad puede resultar ser una buena alternativa. Destacar que el rà ©gimen migratorio en este à ºltimo paà ­s es diferente y es posible emigrar al amparo de las leyes de Canad que aplican a todo el paà ­s o tambià ©n aprovechando las oportunidades que brindan las distintas provincias.   Por ejemplo, este es un listado de ms de 300 profesiones que permiten emigrar a Canad siguiendo trmites exprà ©s. Por otro lado, las provincias brindan tambià ©n buenas oportunidades para emigrar, como por ejemplo Quebec. Si bien las plazas disponibles se agotan muy pronto para los candidatos que no hablan francà ©s nivel medio. En todo caso, son opciones que puede resultar muy interesante explorar. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

The different kinds of Technology being used in business Research Paper

The different kinds of Technology being used in business - Research Paper Example This is the reason, majority of companies are ready to spend huge amount of their capital on R&D (research and development). Technology and the Internet have had a profound effect on service marketing (Bitner, Brown & Mueter 2000). In an increasingly networked world information of varying quality is being aggregated for business use. Senior managements course of action is clear: (a) view; (b) manage and (c) deliver information as a competitive weapon. Information technology (IT) change is all-pervasive or ubiquitous. Consequently it is important that employers engage in change process in thoughtful ways–respecting and holding to ideas and practices of the past that have enduring value while also attending to emerging ideas and necessary changes in practice. The changes now experienced are no one-time affair. All business organizations must expect accelerating change and continuing efforts for renewal. Gildea (2005) explained that it is not getting people to learn C++ but trying to figure out how to do things all the time and differently. As another example of the technology-attachment linkage customers buying online often rely on a limited set of mediated channels that regularly lack the actual interactivity needed to effectively make purchases and address customer service questions. Similarly employees considered traditional office staff or more virtual workers rely extensively on various mediated channels that may do more to provide information overload than actually facilitate meaningful connections with other aspects of the organization. (Wolff, 2005, 29) Today the Internet is used for a wide variety of purposes including email surfing the World Wide Web chatting in chat rooms doing research and retrieving information games gossip and more. The impact of the Internet appears to be widespread with a large number of companies striving toward an e-business (i.e. business conducted over the

Edward R. Murrow, Army-McCarthy hearings Research Paper - 1

Edward R. Murrow, Army-McCarthy hearings - Research Paper Example He constantly accused the federal government of being involved with the Communists. This is what initiated the army-McCarthy hearings in the first place. But in the end, his accusations and remarks were decreed as groundless. McCarthy blamed the army and the army blamed him and said that he was stating those remarks to please his senior David Schine and his friend, Roy Cohn (Caute). Many people in the government were intimidated by Senator McCarthy because of his popularity and his gift of gab. Despite his blames and accusations, people listened to him because he was an excellent orator. But it is unfortunate that he used his skills for the wrong purposes. This is why his sudden decline was his own fault, as was later proved by Edward Murrow. Another reason for McCarthy’s growing popularity was his relation with the Kennedy family. He was in their good books and while the Kennedy family was at its prime, McCarthy took unfair advantage of it. Moreover, the Kennedy’s were Catholics and so was McCarthy and this forged a stronger bond between the Kennedys and McCarthy. This is also why McCarthy gained infinite support when it came to targeting the Communist tribes. Many journalists and critics also claim that for McCarthy, being Communist was more of a personal issue and it was his fault that he amalgamated it with his profession(Caute). After these remarks began to surface, the Senate took the matter in its own hands. The Senate set up a committee to find the root of the problem. Normally, McCarthy was the one who governed these meetings but as this time he himself was being charged, Karl Mundt was elected as the leader of the committee. He was also a renowned Republican senator. At first the Senate was a little hesitant to make Mundt the head of committee because McCarthy was a lot stronger opponent and he made a rude opponent, but many members of the committee voted in favor of Mundt.

The emotional intelligence competence I most want to develop and why' Essay

The emotional intelligence competence I most want to develop and why' - Essay Example This developed my insight on what competencies constitute emotional intelligence and scopes of the competencies. I then applied the derived knowledge to examine my intelligence potentials. Based on the literature review and self-evaluation, I identified self-confidence, self-control, and initiative as my top three emotional intelligence competencies. My identified weakest competencies are however adaptability, innovativeness, and communication. This activity was useful in facilitating self-awareness for personal development. Its developmental aspect was based on the activity’s scope that created awareness of elements of different emotional intelligence competencies towards understanding personal competency and the need for improvement. My identified strength in self-confidence, self-control, and initiative means that I can exercise integrity in managerial or leadership roles within my profession. Even though my weaknesses may challenge my leadership and managerial potentials, I can improve on them to enhance my capacity to lead and manage. Adaptability is the emotional intelligence competence that I most wish to develop. This is because of its scope that is instrumental to achieving change, a very critical concept in leadership and management. In improving my adaptability competence, I seek the ability to multitask and manage priorities in dynamic environments, and become flexible to people’s responses and my perceptions. I will apply the SMARTER goal as a strategy to making the desired development. My specific objective is to improve my adaptability competencies. I will measure my competencies through an independent examiner who will evaluate and rate my adaptability potentials on an interval scale. Improving on my adaptability capacity will require financial resources for a qualitative research that aims at understanding people’s strategies to developing and improving their adaptability potentials. The process will also require human

Economic impact Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic impact - Research Paper Example of one such nation where demand for coffee has reached an epitome so much so that it accounts for being one of the largest consumers of the commodity in the world. Annual consumption of the good is near to 4.5 kilograms per capita in USA, clearly indicating the degree of popularity that coffee has attained among Americans. Despite the downfall in the income growth rate of the nation, the nationals continue to spend an average of $165 per year on coffee with 54% of them consuming it on a regular basis (International Coffee Organisation, 2006). The present paper is a case study on how a push cart selling hot coffee and cappuccino in the industrial belts of Cleveland, Ohio and Houston, Texas will fare in its business. Objective of the paper will be to draw a conclusion about the prospects of the business in either location on the basis of the degree of demand and the economic influence it will impose. Production of coffee in USA is concentrated only within the states of Hawaii and Papua, though the nation imports a lumpsum quantity of coffee from Latin American nations, whose tropical climate are suited for its growth. In fact, as far as the data of 2001 is concerned, USA is the largest importer of coffee beans accounting for more than 25% of gross imports of the product. However in terms of production, USA produces only a fraction compared to its huge demand for coffee. Hence, a majority of the coffee being supplied in various parts of the nation comes from its imports from South American economies of Colombia and Brazil (International Coffee Organisation, 2006). Demand for coffee depends upon a number of factors which tend to vary from place to place, leading to diverse outcomes of business ventures. In Ohio for instance, these factors could be elaborated as follows. Population – According to census conducted by US Census Bureau in 2008, Cleveland comprised of 397,901 people out of whom 47.8% were males and the rest of them being females. This statistic is

Transformation of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna Essay

Transformation of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna - Essay Example nce gene on the plasmid serves the purpose of a selectable marker that provides a new characteristic to the transformed cell not possessed by the non-transformed cell, thereby distinguishing from the non-transformant on a selective media. The ‘No DNA’ control on the LB plate (which contains no antibiotic or X-gal) is expected to show lawn pattern of bacterial growth implying that the bacterial cells are viable and can grow in the absence of the antibiotic ampicillin. However the "No DNA" on the LB blue plate is expected to show no growth as they do not contain the necessary gene for the restriction enzyme to survive in the medium with ampicillin. Tube 2 shows all blue colonies which illustrates that transformation of cells with plasmid pCK103 confers the bacterial cells with the ability to grow in ampicillin medium due to the presence of the resistance gene and also convert X-gal in the medium to produce blue colonies by the action of lac Z gene present in the plasmid which encodes ï  ¢- galactosidase involved in lactose metabolism. 3). x ï  ­g of the plasmid pCK103 were added to the E. coli during the transformation. From your results calculate the total number of transformants produced by this amount of DNA. Remember that the 100ï  ­l sample is only half of the total transformation and the 10ï  ­l sample is, of course, a twentieth. 4). This value is known as the transformation frequency and is a measure of the efficiency of the process. It is to some extent dependent on the plasmid used but for pCK103 a value of 106 - 107 transformants per ï  ­g may be expected under ideal conditions. How does your value compare to this? Why do you think it differs? The value differs from the ideal transformation efficiency predicted for pCK103. A number of factors affect transformation efficiency such as the actual DNA concentration and amount of DNA, heat shock, length of time for expression after transformation as well as the selective plates used. The results

The different types of protein defects that can be associated with the Essay

The different types of protein defects that can be associated with the red blood cell - Essay Example RBCs give blood its characteristic red color†. Hemoglobin is a metalloprotein, which means it is a protein that includes iron as one of its constituent atoms. For the reason of oxygen distribution, hemoglobin has multiple chemical â€Å"slots† for storing oxygen. This oxygen is acquired from the heart, where red blood cells are replenished with oxygen from the lungs. According toToole(2004: 32) â€Å"Red blood cells are unusual in having no nucleus, mitochondria and they are much thinner in the middle and so form a biconcave shape†. The red blood cell is the main component of the circulatory system, also known by the name of cardiovascular system. In the circulatory system, the channels know as arteries hold oxygen-rich blood for distribution to the body, while veins give back oxygen-poor blood to the heart for replenishment. The oxygen levels of blood can be assessed by looking at its color – oxygen-poor blood has bluish color, while oxygen-rich blood looks red. The second important function to carrying oxygen although less commonly known, is the capability of red blood cells to carry carbon dioxide. CO2 is a waste product formed due to metabolism in every cell in the human body Red blood cells measure a diameter of about 6-8 micrometers (millionths of a meter), similar in size to much of the cells in the body. An RBC is biconcave in shape.Rosenberge (2010)states that â€Å"Red blood cells completely lack in most other common cellular parts, such as a nucleus with DNA, or mitochondria†. Due to their small shape and physical structure, the RBC can squish in to the small capillaries where the blood vessels are the smallest. Without this nature of flexibility , they have a high chance of getting stuck and cause obstructions in the circulation Because red blood cells are so important to your body, when they dont work properly, it often leads to

Transformation of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna Essay

Transformation of e.coli with plasmid dna and ligated dna - Essay Example nce gene on the plasmid serves the purpose of a selectable marker that provides a new characteristic to the transformed cell not possessed by the non-transformed cell, thereby distinguishing from the non-transformant on a selective media. The ‘No DNA’ control on the LB plate (which contains no antibiotic or X-gal) is expected to show lawn pattern of bacterial growth implying that the bacterial cells are viable and can grow in the absence of the antibiotic ampicillin. However the "No DNA" on the LB blue plate is expected to show no growth as they do not contain the necessary gene for the restriction enzyme to survive in the medium with ampicillin. Tube 2 shows all blue colonies which illustrates that transformation of cells with plasmid pCK103 confers the bacterial cells with the ability to grow in ampicillin medium due to the presence of the resistance gene and also convert X-gal in the medium to produce blue colonies by the action of lac Z gene present in the plasmid which encodes ï  ¢- galactosidase involved in lactose metabolism. 3). x ï  ­g of the plasmid pCK103 were added to the E. coli during the transformation. From your results calculate the total number of transformants produced by this amount of DNA. Remember that the 100ï  ­l sample is only half of the total transformation and the 10ï  ­l sample is, of course, a twentieth. 4). This value is known as the transformation frequency and is a measure of the efficiency of the process. It is to some extent dependent on the plasmid used but for pCK103 a value of 106 - 107 transformants per ï  ­g may be expected under ideal conditions. How does your value compare to this? Why do you think it differs? The value differs from the ideal transformation efficiency predicted for pCK103. A number of factors affect transformation efficiency such as the actual DNA concentration and amount of DNA, heat shock, length of time for expression after transformation as well as the selective plates used. The results

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Example for Free

Civil Disobedience to Black Power Essay Up until the 1960’s the civil rights movement was practiced through peaceful protests established from the idea that equal recognition amongst all peoples was only acquired through non-violent acts. In the late 60’s these techniques transformed into fast and more efficient methods with different value sets. The changes within the Civil Rights movement occurred because African Americans were sick of the painfully slow progress accomplished through the civil rights movement, didn’t agree with the idea that being mistreated, disrespected, and stomped over (figuratively and literally) was the only resolution to overcome racism and segregation, and decided that violence and bloodshed (stemming from the theory that asking for deserved rights was to slow a process, when they could just take them) was aggressive enough to catch the eyes of many and gain Black Dominance or at least equal rights. Even with the Civil Rights Act in place, African American’s were tired of being neglected and disregarded. Peaceful protesting was only doing so much, the alternative of Black Power had begun to flourish in the late 60’s because it demanded respect through violent, attention-grabbing approaches that were created to actually change segregation and equality. The 1950’s and early 60’s were eras driven by the consumer culture, the US was extremely wealthy, the automobile industry was booming, suburban lifestyle had grown, television became extremely popular, and the general view of America was good (to say the least). The only ‘bad’ aspect of the US was inequality and the unrecognized rights (Blacks deserved). The US originally opted for saving justice and peace amongst Black communities in civil and non-violent ways, but there was limited execution. In 1954, for example, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled segregation in public schools unconstitutional in Brown v. Board of Education. This landmark case began a series of significant Civil Rights movements with regards to desegregation and equal rights. The early 60’s brought upon new perspectives and the idea of peaceful resolution was one of them. Due to the fact that American culture was thriving in material goods and prosperity African Americans figured the best way to go about change was to do it in calm, civil, non-brutal manners. Organizations like the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) began to emerge. Doc A, B, and C convey the goals pertaining to African Americans (in the early 0’s) and their hope for equal rights, legal citizenship, voting rights, and equal economic/labor opportunities. Doc A showcases the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee’s perspective that love transforms hate and nonviolence is the best way to bring about integration. The early 60’s held so much potential and optimism. African American’s were seeking equal privileges so contently because they experienced Americans’ positive response to America’s success and didn’t want to harm the culture or destroy the peace. One attempt for Civil Rights included a peaceful protest in Birmingham, Alabama. The response of the police was outrageous. As seen in Doc B, the photograph (from 1963) shows racist and corrupt police attacking African Americans after a peaceful protest (to allow Blacks into church). Rather than defend himself, the black man depicted in the photo is responding with no resentment or anger. Many African Americans were beaten and sent to jail; including Martin Luther King, Jr. Doc C (1963) is a letter written by MLK from the Birmingham Jail promoting peace and arguing that â€Å"injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. † MLK desired peace rather than violence because of his educational background and upbringing-his father was the minister of the Ebenezer Baptist Church and he passed on his understanding, tolerance, and religious views (inspired by peace) to his son. MLK could be peaceful, even after going to jail for no reason. After the Birmingham incident, John F. Kennedy announced his promise to end racial discrimination on radio and television. The speech served as motivation to civil right leaders, a wake-up call to Congress, and the inspiration for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 (unfortunately JFK never lived to see these passed). Although these rights were legally authorized, African Americans were not fully protected. Just because they were laws in place, didn’t mean they were implemented with major concern or emphasis. Race riots, racial profiling, and illegal discrimination were still occurring. African Americans realized that in order to truly get what they wanted, they needed prompt uncivil protests. Stokely Carmichael, a violent-protest-supporter, coined the phrase â€Å"black power† and stated â€Å"I am not going to beg the white man for anything I deserve; I’m going to take it. † We see the change in strategy for Black Nationalism. Carmichael’s speech, entitled, â€Å"what we want† from 1966 (Doc E) implies the only way to get money, property, respect, and in general civil rights for African American’s is to demand it, whether it was by strike, boycott, riot, or any other possible means of violent rebellion. The reasons why there was such a focus on gaining equality through violence was because peaceful protests were not developing equality quick enough, African American’s needed each other in order to attain enough votes for one collective ballot, and violent acts needed the most attention because they needed to be stopped the fastest. Take, for example the scenario of when a child throws a fit, the parent will do whatever it takes to stop the child’s interrupting objection and annoying whines, the same initiative for Black Power. Some philosophers even argue that Black Power was an act of revenge, Blacks felt obligated to torture Whites and act in violent ways to get even with them for their previous treatment of African slaves. At this point African Americans had to fight for things Whites got easily, like jobs, money, respect, social status, religion, privacy and the general right to be able to go to common-day-places (like the grocery store or local restaurant) and not have to worry about discrimination. The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense (Doc F in 1967) preached that black people must resort to violence because they have not made any gains through peace. Malcolm X, a Black Power activist and violent-protesting-leader supported this idea and said, â€Å"Stand on your own feet and solve our problems ourselves instead of depending on white people to solve them for us. † This quote shows the foundation for Black Power-fast, unexpected, memorable recognition. Malcolm X ridiculed Martin Luther King’s attempt at Birmingham saying it showed the uselessness of nonviolent-protest. The increasing amount of African Americans promoting violence concerned American citizens. Whites believed that if the government didn’t take action, mass riots and destruction would erupt everywhere, and they were somewhat on track. By 1968, (according to Doc G) 62% of African Americans were registered to vote, that’s 33% more than in 1960. This evidence suggests that the violent acts did make an impact and shape the Civil Rights movement into what we view it as today.

Gender in Advertising An Analysis

Gender in Advertising An Analysis Women have been portrayed in numerous roles throughout the ages in advertising, varying from wife and mother to business women. This essay will delve deeper into two certain time periods, (the 50-60s through to the 2000 to present day.) and what roles woman were portrayed in during these times. If there is significant changes between the two time periods questions will be asked into why they have changed and is this due to different attitudes in society. As Advertising of the 1960s, was considered a decade often called the Golden Age of Advertising. (Nemhauser, M. (2014) Real Mad Men, P1) It would be thought that the adverts within this era would be powerful and memorable. However it is memorable to woman for all the wrong reasons. Woman within adverts through the 50-60s were only ever portrayed as wives and mothers, and more often than not they were always making a mistake within their role. For example within Figure (Figure 1, 1960s Folgers Coffee Ad) 1, it shows a print screen of an advert by Folgers. Within these averts It portrays woman who are incapable of making a good cup of coffee for their husbands. All of the Folgers adverts around the 1960s went with the same vain. That before the men were going out to work on a morning their wives would make them an awful cup of coffee. Portraying woman as useless wives that couldnt even do the simplest task correctly. The strategy behind the advert was to guilt trip women into buying Folgers coffee so that they could finally make their husbands happy. Although this technique did work, when looking back onto this advert, it simply berates and undermines woman. However as the war had passed and lead to more woman taking on other roles in work forces rather than just wives and mothers, advertising changed with them the times. Different forms of advertising made use of this revolution by showing woman taking on different roles like secretaries. Although this should have been a good thing, portraying woman out of the house, it still showed very sexist views against woman as a gender. For example woman were never seen as the boss or anyone in power they were always just a general lower class employee, and often only at work to help men. A primary example of this can be seen within Figure 2. A classic Xerox advert that portrayed a woman as a mans secretary having to do jobs like printing, scanning, filing etc. All jobs that would help the man within his career. Although this isnt enough to show a woman as just a secretary, the advert has the woman stating many things that she cant do. I cant type, I dont take dictation I wont sharpen pencils, I cant file, and my boss calls me indispensable. This portrays the woman as a (Figure 2, 1960s Xerox Ad) very weak individual. The advert goes on to show the woman being told to photocopy something for her boss, and shes able to due to the Xerox machine as its easy to use just press a button and it does the work for her. Although the adverts have changed from wives in the kitchen to a woman actually working for herself, all the adverts in the 50-60s have the same underlying message. Which is that woman cant do anything right, and If they do its because theyve had help from a product, such as a Xerox machine or Folgers Coffee. Which in turn portrays woman as the weaker class in comparison to men. The final advert to investigate is a print advert, figure 3, from the 1950s for Mr Leggs. Through this print advert the message is more direct than the others, the fact that men are far more superior to woman. This was only hinted at through the other adverts, as the man went off to work to earn the money while his wife couldnt even make a coffee. To a boss telling his secretary to do something that she wouldnt have been able to do without Xerox. Although they both shown men as superior, figure 3 displays this message in a much more abrupt way. As seen within the poster a man walks all over a woman, and the message that can be taken from the ad is that a woman can easily be tamed with the use of brute force, animal magnetism and a pair of Mr Leggs Slacks. (Figure 3, 1950s Mr Leggs Ad) In conclusion adverts from the 1950-60s portrayed woman in not the best light. It showed them as people who cannot do things right without the help of either a man or a product. Causing them to be seen as the weaker sex and inferior to men. This could be due to the fact society in that era were very set in their ways. It was the men who went off to war and the woman stayed to look after the house and children. It had always been this way and nothing had ever changed it. However due to the growth of feminism in the late 1960s the debate over the portrayal of woman in adverting intensified and the National Organization for Women, founded in 1966, sought to eliminate gender based stereotypes in the mass media. (Unknown author, (2003) Woman: representation in advertising.)ÂÂ   This could have been the start of where woman were giving an equal representation within the adverts we see to this day. (Figure 4, 2007, Dolce Gabbana ad) It is only since the mid-20th century that women have been shown in roles other than house wives and woman doing their job wrong. Therefore this must mean advertising has taken a turn for the better, where the portrayal of woman is concerned. Yet when looking at Figure 4, it shows a woman being restrained by a man while other men look on. This feels again degrading to woman in a different way to the ads of the 50-60s, as there is actually no body copy or script stating that woman are inferior to men however this is stated through just the use of the image and is still just as demeaning towards the female figure. The role of the woman in this ad seems to be there for the pleasure of the men. As the look on the womans face almost looks expressionless, and absent from the scene as if she is trying to escape the thought of the situation. The fact that she is being restrained also suggests that the woman needs to do whatever the men want, much like the ads from the 60s. This particular ad vertising campaign was banned a few weeks after its launch due to the backlash it received from woman. Another campaign was launched in 2013 by American Apparel, figure 5. This shows two ads portraying a man and a woman in the same shirt. The campaign is trying to sell the same unisex shirt to men and woman in two different ways. However both the ways used seem to be geared towards men. As the woman is half naked therefore being used as a sexual object to sell the shirt to men. This type of advertsing is not geared towards woman (Figure 5, 2013, American Apparel ad) Compare / contrast adverts / significant changes between them: There is less body copy on the more recent adverts however still the same underlying meaning have. There is difference between the two times periods, therefore indicating there has been some change in the attitudes of society. Peoples attitudes have most certainly changed due to the fact the Dolce Gabbana ad was actually pulled just a few weeks after its launch. This shows that woman do have a voice and are listened to. Unlike in the 50-60sÂÂ   where if the woman did not like the way they had been portrayed in an advert, then it was probably their fault for being offended anyway. Although there is changes in society, images of woman in advertising have hardly been uniform, but several themes recur; the housewife ecstatic over a new cleaning product; the anxious woman fearing the loss of youthful attractiveness; the subservient spouse dependent on her assertive husband; the object of means sexual gaze and desire (Pope, D. (Unknown date) Making sense of advertisements, P6).ÂÂ   This has always been the case since advertising begun and to this day. Showing us that society has changed from showing woman in multiple roles rather than just a woman doing something wrong. However these multiple roles can always be seen in one of the groups stated by Daniel Pope. To conclude the roles of woman have changed throughout time. However even though the roles have changed from housewife to beautiful models there still is a reoccurring theme throughout all of the adverts examined. That sexism in which woman are portrayed has only adapted from woman needing men to pleasing men, it hasnt went away or got any better. Its is just been advertised in different ways. A lot of the adverts today show woman as just sex symbols, to please men and due to this all ads seemed to be geared towards men. Furthermore I think womans roles in advertising has always been inferior to men, and probably always will be until everything between men and woman is equal.

John Locke on Tacit and Unintended Consent Essay example -- Empiricists

In his Second Treatise on Law and Government, John Locke outlines clear and coherent standards for what constitutes a legitimate government and what persons one such government would have authority over. Both are determined by citizens' acts of consenting to relinquish to the government part of their natural authority over their own conduct. Unfortunately, the situation becomes much less clear once we consider how his standards would apply to the political situation existing in the real world today. If we continue to subscribe to Locke's account without altering its standards, we would see a precipitous drop in the number of people whose interests existing governments are responsible for serving. In this paper I will show that with certain changes and clarifications to Locke's standards, the responsibilities of existing governments need not be allowed to shrink so drastically. This creates a tradeoff, however. Changing the standards to apply more closely to actual functioning govern ments has the consequence of making it more difficult to determine the legitimacy of those governments. Some of the clarity of Locke's theoretical model is lost in translating it to apply to actual instances of government. A cornerstone of Locke's political philosophy is the idea that a government holds power legitimately only through the consent of the governed. A civil society consents to grant a particular government rule over it, and each person chooses on an individual basis to become a member of a particular civil society (II, 117). As giving such consent has far-reaching consequences over a person's life, Locke provides further explanation of what "consent" entails in this context. Only one way exists to become a member of a civil society: express consent. From Locke's account this would have to be a fairly formal business, which the individual enters "by positive Engagement, and express Promise and Compact" (II, 122). Locke's original wording is important because it seems to imply that unless a person actually makes a public agreement to submit to government law in return for protection of person, liberty, and property, she has not expressly consented. He makes it clear that there are no alternatives to this official process if one is to become part of a civil society, (II, 122). Even if one is not considered part of a particular civil society, she mus... ... of a government can be measured by the effective options available to its citizens. If we had held to Locke's standards for consent to membership in a civil society and submission to government rule, we would have concluded that most people in the world are tacitly consenting to the rule of governments created by very small groups of explicit signers of social contracts. This would lead to a bizarre picture of the political landscape very much at odds with intuition and with modern reality. By changing standards for consent to mean compliance with official requirements for citizenship when other options are available, we are able to account for those who consider themselves and are considered members of a civil society without having given explicit consent, while at the same time freeing those not given a choice from the appearance of having given consent. A government is then legitimate to the extent that its citizens have given consent according to these standards. It is one of those rare examples where laws have made the situation clearer. Sources: Locke, John. Second Treatise. From Two Treatises of Government, Laslett, Peter, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

Essay --

Introduction Participation in sports for children and youth is ever growing and there have been many benefits associated with it, including self-confidence and self-esteem, social and life skills development and improving mental and physical health. (Allender et al., 2006; Coplan & Findlay 2008; Donaldson and Ronan, 2006) Apart from these benefits, advocates of sport participation believe that sports provide the appropriate context for social and life development skills, which brings about the idea of character development through sports participation. (Weiss, Smith, & Stuntz, 2008). Life skills as suggested by The World Health Organization (1999), play a very important role in the healthy development of adolescents, as it helps prepare them for their future. The use of sports to help with such development is further supported by sport psychologists whom have argued that life skills can be taught in combination with athletic skills in sport contexts (Danish & Nellen, 1997). Sports has been thought to be a platform whereby children and youth are able to learn and cooperate with their teammates, develop self-control, display courage and leadership, communicate and form solutions to internal or external group conflicts and the learning of good virtues such as teamwork, fairness and good work ethics. (Shields & Bredemeier, 1995; Weiss & Bredemeier, 1990). Many parents therefore encourage and enroll their children into sports in hope that they will be able to learn and pick up these positive character-related values and behaviour. On the other hand, there have been other studies to argue the fact that sports instead of developing character, it undermines character. (Bredemeier, 1985, 1994; Bredemeier, Weiss, Shields, & Shewchuk, 198... ...certain behaviours which they interpret as being able to gain praises from their coach. As such, the way in which coaches verbalise, comment and teach the rules of the game to their players, will ultimately determine the way in which the players will interpret and act upon the rules during game play. (Bar et al., 1989) With the increasing number of primary school students taking part in sports, sport can present itself as a great platform for character development; but the positive outcomes are not always guaranteed. A coach who is able to capitalise on this invaluable and unique platform to inculcate good values is essential in order to ensure positive character development outcomes. This study aimed to describe and analyse a successful primary school netball coach's experiences, strategies and the desired outcomes for athletes as a function of her coaching.

Brindage Act 1902 Essay

1.The Brindage Act 1902 that was implemented on November 12,1902, prohibits the Filipinos to form or join groups against the US government. The Act was created in order to pacify the Filipinos so that it would be easier for the American government to execute their plans for the country. This law states that whoever continues to revolt against the Americans will be considered as thieves. Even though Americans tried to stop the activists, there were still some Filipinos like Macario Sakay that remained fighting. They were affected greatly by the law, because they cannot walk streets without getting themselves arrested. And although they had the rich people funding them from the beginning, it was stop, therefore it led to the lack of food and arms. The bandoleros continued fighting even though some of their fellow Katipuneros surrendered to the US. I consider them heroes and patriots even though it is said that the country is in a â€Å"peaceful situation†, because they were fighting for the independence they fought since the Spanish times. 2.The First Philippine Republic or the Malolos Republic was established along with the proclamation of the Malolos Constitution. This was said to be the end of the Spanish rule. First President Emilio Aguinaldo changed the revolutionary government to a dictatorial and later went back to the revolutionary government. Malolos Republic has its President, Cabinet Members and Ministers, but in my opinion, it is still premature. The departments are messed up like the Department of Foreign Affairs, Navy and Commerce; Department of War and Public Works; Department of Police, Internal Order, Justice, Education and Hygiene; Department of Finance, Manufacturing Industry. It’s as if it was hastened just so they could form departments. I also believe that if this was a successful government, it would last longer, and the Americans could have let go of us to be an independent country.

Organization Change of Aeon Co. Malaysia Bhd Essay

AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is principally engaged in the operations of a chain of superstores selling a broad range of goods ranging from clothing, food, household goods, other merchandise and shopping centre operation. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. was started from Jaya Jusco Store Sdn. Bhd. In 15 September 1984, the first JUSCO store was established in Malaysia. In 1983, our Malaysian Prime Minister Dato’ Seri Dr. Mahathir (Now known as Tun Dr. Mahathir) visited Tokyo and then met the JUSCO Co. Ltd. President, Mr. Takuya Okada to discuss the proposition of bringing JUSCO to our country. This is because he believes that it was a need for our country economic growth on that time. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. aim to be a global company, meaning that management must both meet global quality standards and at the same time remain rooted in local communities. On the basis of this code, Aeon is striving to achieve long-term prosperity and growth by building excellent relationships with its customers, shareholders, business partners, local communities, and employees, while continuing to offer products and services that satisfy customers. For example, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. provided cardholders with numerous incentives, ranging from discounts to an enhanced point system such as AEON Gold Card, the first gold card in Japan without an annual fee, and their electric toll collection (ETC) cards which offers cardholders bonus points when customers shop, have gone to great lengths to raise the number of affiliated merchants. JUSCO’s vision is to establish AEON as a leading retailer brand in consumer finance and service industry by providing excellent customer service. Its mission is to provide a wide range of consumer financial services that best meet their customer needs and they are committed to serve their customers to improve their lifestyle through AEON products and services. AEON insist to a strict code of corporate ethics and at the same time, engage in activities which contribute to society. Lastly, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is listed in Bursa Malaysia as a trust company under the Trust Companies Act 1949 and Registration of Businesses Act 1956. AEON was awarded the Green Leadership Award and Prime Minister CSR Award for Community and Social Welfare. CONTENT To analyze the company’s practices/operations in AEON Co.(M) Bhd. Change is  an organizational reality. Most managers will have to change some things in their workplace. It can classify these changes as organizational change which is alteration of an organization’s people, structure, and technology. Firstly, changing structure includes any alteration in authority relationships, coordination mechanisms, degree of centralization, job design, or similar organization structure variables. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. control the work process engineering, restructuring, and empowering result in decentralization, wider spans of control, reduced work specialization, and work teams. These structural components give employees the authority and means to implement process improvements. For instance, the creation of work teams that cut across departmental lines allows those people who understand a problem best to solve that problem. It can help cross-functional work teams encourage cooperati ve problem solving rather than â€Å"us versus them† situations. Besides that, changing technology encompasses modifications in the way works is done or the methods and equipment used. Most of the managers in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. deal with changing technology are continuous improvement initiatives on their products and services, which are directed at developing flexible processes to support better quality operations and also their employees committed to continuous improvements are constantly looking for things to fix. Thus, work processes adaptable to continual change and fine tuning, it requires an extensive commitment to educating and training workers. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. provided training to employees which are need in new technology and new methods. Lastly, changes in people refer to changes in employee attitudes, expectations, perceptions, or behaviors. The human dimension of change requires a workforce that is committed to quality and continuous improvement. Again, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. provided proper employee education and training is needed, which are need in problem solving, decision making, negotiation, statistical analysis, and team-building, and they can able to analyze and act on data. As is a performance evaluation and reward system that supports and encourages those improvements. Conclude, employees training to maintain its market leading position in their business. The main practices for AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is align the goals of a change effort with organizational strategy. This is because of organization‘s strategic plan identify the products and services and the core business, and it can help organization supporting processes  that help deliver these products and services. Furthermore, it also identifies the organization’s special competencies and help organizational enhance the core and key supporting organizational processes. For example, the goals of AEON Co. (M) Bhd. changed effort do not support the organizational strategy then the change effort will not yield significant value to the organization. Therefore, by aligning the goals of a change effort with their business strategy, the change effort will have a greater chance of succeeding because the change effort will receive greater executive commitment than if the goals were not aligned. To accomplish this, Aeon clearly define its structures, management systems, and guiding principles, policies, and procedures. Instant, executives take the time to communicate the vision to all of the organization’s employees in small groups of people. Besides that, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. created and maintained a superior change team. This is because a charter that identifies a task that is narrower in scope than the organization’s strategy statement and states the expectations of management in terms of goals and metrics. These goals and their descriptions did not change during the change effort, because should only be a few of them. However, the change team has control the goals, which able to measurable, and also define its purpose, the methods, procedures it will use, and the acceptable team behavior, because it will help to resolve conflict and define team roles. For example, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. creating a superior change team with several of good planning, it also requires good people to enact the change, change team members are experts and have positions of authority, possess good management and communication skills, and the ability to focus on the change vision and objectives. In closing, a superior change team will effectively create a plan for change, identify the processes to change, and acquire support for the change effort of organization at all the levels. Thus, the quality of such verification is highly suspect. On the others hand, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. plans for continuous improvement. This is because of continuous process improvement will cause an organization to produce better products or goods more reliably and efficiently to enhance customer satisfaction and value. For example, to achieve continuous improvement of organization, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. uses good performance measures and management monitor their employees as necessary. In addition, managers should verify that the selected metrics are accurate  measures of business goals in managing organizational changed. To identify and explain the relevant principles and concepts of management in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. those are being applied in the company. The principles and concepts of AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is Customer Centre Approach. AEON’s mission is always to be contributed to the customers. The goal of AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is to operate as an â€Å"international-scale retailing group† which focused on the quality management to enhance their capabilities. The increasing in the Malaysia population shows tha t there is a probability that the target customers for the retailing industry have grown. A wide range of customers involves in the market mostly tend to purchase household products which is suits for family members, children and adult. This is an opportunity for AEON to achieve the mission of company for contribute to their customers. With the changes in the customers’ lifestyle, that is means that the trends would also changes. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. will provided with higher quality products, so that the customers will aware that the AEON’s goal of quality management is exactly aligned with their demand and needs. In addition, this will also give impact on the company’s goal to satisfy their customers. To designed an image to satisfy the ever changing needs and desires of consumers, AEON’s constant interior refurbishment of stores. The management’s acute understanding of target market needs and the provision of an optimal product-mix enhanced the company’s performance. In Malaysia for 28 years, Aeon has been successfully to positioned itself as a benchmark in excellent customer service, such as high worker’s discipline and maintain high standard level of their food as w ell environment. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. provided variety of products for their customers. On the others hand, the principles and concepts of management of AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is division of work. This principle tells us that as far as possible the whole work should be divided into different parts and each individual should be assigned only one part of the work according to his ability and taste rather than giving the whole work to one person. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. applied this principle to manage organizational change from Jusco Shopping Centre to AEON Co. (M) Bhd. where all department need to change since Aeon Credit Service combined together with Jusco Shopping Centre on 12 January 2012. When a particular worker in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. performs the same job repeatedly such as in marketing department, financial department, leadership department and so on  will make the job an expert in doing that particular part of the whole job for them. Consequently, the benefits of specialization will become available in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. For example, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. gets an order for prom otion. They have five to six departments who will do their own job for the promotion. Everyone will do the job in short time and come out with the successful promotion. The principle of division of department applies not only to the workers but also equally to the managers and leader. For example, if a manager is tuned to work on the same kind of activities for a long period of time, he will certainly be an expert in his particular job. Consequently, more and beneficial decisions can be taken in a comparatively less time by him. Business processes must support business needs is the one of the principle and concepts of management. Every process will be increase organizational value by supporting the business vision and supporting strategies. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. created a vision for each process to be changes and also develop a new vision for each process it expects to change. The process of vision described the new capabilities of the process and the expected performance improvements. Furthermore, it identify how the AEON Co. (M) Bhd. will support the strategy, respond t o customer needs, and respond to competition. This will lower the utility of a change effort and would place it at risk because it probably would not gain the necessary organizational support to make it successful. The issue of organization design would be solved because environment will be free from uncertainty and there no need to adapt. Besides that, the creation of work teams that cut across department lines allows those people who understand the problems and have the best solutions to solve the problems. Besides that, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. made a formal case. This is because individuals are inherently rational and will question to what extent change is needed, whether the company is headed in the right direction, and whether they want to commit personally to making change happen. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. looks to the leadership for answers it will due to the articulation of a formal case for change and the creation of a written vision statement are invaluable opportunities to create or compel leadership-team alignment. Firstly, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. confront reality and articulate a convincing need for change, then demonstrate faith of the company has a viable future and the leadership to get there and l ast provide a road map to guide behaviour and decision making. Thus, leaders  customize this message for various internal audiences, describing the pending change in terms that matter to the individuals. In a series of offsite meetings, the executive team built a brutally honest business case that downsizing was the only way to keep the business viable, and drew on the company’s proud heritage to craft a compelling vision to lead the company forward. By confronting reality and helping employees understand the necessity for change, leaders able to motivate the organization to follow the new direction in the midst of the largest downsizing in the company’s history. To identify and explain the pros and cons in the application of the relevant principles and concepts of management in order to find the problems that will be the encountered by the company. PROS Build up the customer’s loyalty By satisfy the customer’s need, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. able to keep their customer’s loyalty. Loyalty of customers is typically repeat customers. The customers will feel comfortable when shopping at AEON mall, which aligned with their needs and lifestyle. If a certain customer enjoys shopping at a particular business, it will return to shop again. The loyalty of customers may lead to stabilize the company’s income. Higher productivity Division of work for AEON Co. (M) Bhd. is to achieve higher productivity in Aeon by using â€Å"practice makes perfect† slogan. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. concentrating on the repeating the same task again and again, a worker acquires dexterity, skill and speed, and more ­over, division of works avoids waste time and effort caused by changes from one task to another. Specialization requires a simplification of tasks and facilitates for AEON Co. (M) Bhd. saving devices. Due to all these the quantity and quality of work increase tremendously. Lower cost Division of work in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. increases the efficiency of workers, managers and leaders in each department. In addition, wasteful duplication of process and tools is avoided, it able gain good result and save cost. Large scale production offers several economies in the used of materials, machinery and skills. Therefore, costs of operations in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. are reduced to earn more profit. Trusted brand AEON Co. (M) Bhd. operated in market more than 20 years. Nowdays, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. pay attention on differentiation of products and services, however when times pass by, due to many competitors, there are too many of new feature or increase of new offers in the market. It will cause Aeon pay attention on customers’ needs and wants and able to learn customers’ oriented strategy. Therefore when AEON Co. (M) Bhd. produce a product, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. makes sure the brand is clear, distinctive, easily understood and expresses a unique, compelling benefit that customers believe can see the value of. Diversification of brand Product diversification strategies should aim at expanding markets either by brand extensions or new complementary products, but sometimes this is also achieved by creating new uses for the original products with a new twist. The strategy should avoid being too similar to current products and markets, but at the same time it should not be too different from current ones. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. practiced this so that they can offer new products to customers, it able to compete in the market. CONS Higher cost burden To fulfill the changing of the customer’s demand and needs, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. may face to higher cost burden. To improve the customer’s satisfaction for shopping at AEON mall, AEON have to keep on improvement on the shopping environment. This might lead to higher cost for renovation and decoration the shopping mall. In order to fulfill the changed in customer’s lifestyle, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. have to come out with higher quality product which may leads to higher cost of product. Lack of responsibility Under division of work AEON Co. (M) Bhd. lack of responsibility in creating something new product. Such as, the final project is not the task of a single person but the creation of several workers, managers, and leaders. Therefore, no any individual can be held responsible if anything goes wrong in the project. Therefore, involvement of workers in their work is reduced. Too much interdependence Division of work in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. leads to interdependence between individuals, firms, industries and countries. Failure of any one link due to strike, war, breakdown in transport and communication, depression and so on it may cause great harm for the company. Inferior output by one worker in AEON Co. (M) Bhd. may spoil the quality of the entire product. Specialists know only a single process of production. In case of unemployment, they find is difficult to get jobs. Poor advertising AEON Co. (M) Bhd. does not advertising due to the cost. The advertising activity only will take place during peak seasons like school holiday and festival season. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. mainly depends on word of mouth whereby, customers pass the news to other customers about promotion or new products. AEON Co. (M) Bhd. should aware this tactic may harm business if customers are not satifity with the products and they will start to complaint and others will get negative thinking about the company. In the end, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. may loss customers and it is not easy to pull back their attention. Thus, sales and profit of company will drop. Create rigidity AEON Co. (M) Bhd. created rigidity in their operations. It can lock an organization into specific goals to be achieved within specific timetables. This is because the goals set under the assumption. Thus, when the environment is random and unpredictable can be recipe for disaster. It may cause AEON Co. (M) Bhd. not able to compete and survive in a rapidly changing environment. RECOMMENDATION AEON Co. (M) Bhd. should perform annual process assessments and benchmarks. This is because annual process assessments help to identify areas for process improvement, whereas benchmarks help to identify where an organization stands relative to an industry. Based on each assessment and benchmark provides a snapshot of an organization’s capabilities, which should be the basis for determining whether it needs to change and the value of such change. Furthermore, auditors can easily determine whether an organization performs assessments and benchmarks by verifying the existence of reports documenting their execution. Besides that, AEON Co. (M) Bhd.  should analyze an organization’s software portfolio, which is the total number of applications it owns. A portfolio analysis include counting the number of copies of each application, it can examining the status of each application in terms of defect levels, and identifying the overall importance of each application. Due to this, the highest level of importance indicates that an application is critical to the success of the enterprise’s missions. In addition, Aeon should know the role each application plays in the future of the enterprise. By understanding the software tools that an organization uses, it can identify those areas that have the greatest need for tool support, as well as where it can derive the greatest benefit tool use or change. Instant, such understanding will also influence the training activities of an organization. On the others hand, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. should listen to the customer. An organization must capture the needs and desires of its customers since their perceptions of its strengths and weaknesses are vital to its success. Wherefore, Aeon should ask its customers what it must do today to satisfy them two, three, and five years in the future. Since customer input helps to improve the products of organization develops and the most important is processes that addres s their concerns, auditors should examine that documentation exists that verifies that the organization obtains and uses customer feedback on a periodic basis. Furthermore, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. should align the infrastructure. The successful change requires that Aeon align its human resource, information, financial, organizational, and other support systems around the core business processes. Organizational structure should be an operational response to an organization’s mission and strategy. Thus, the reporting relationships among an organization’s business units should represent its actual workflows, it should help them establish and develop the necessary competencies by providing appropriate training. If an organization does not do this, old practices will render new organizational changes meaningless and a business’s operating units will not function efficiently or effectively. Thus, it is vital that auditors identify the workflow between business units whether the organization’s infrastructure matches it, and also personnel within those business units have the skills to effectively and efficiently perform their work. Lastly, AEON Co. (M) Bhd. should foster a creative and innovative environment. Aeon must be systematically and deliberately identify on new ideas and ways of  doing things better. This requires organizations to challenge the basic assumptions on which its organization has been built. Due to this, Aeon change these assumptions requires creativity, which is the generation of ideas and alternatives and innovation, which is the transformation of those ideas and alternatives into useful applications that lead to change and improvement. In particular, an organization must always challenge assumptions, create solutions, and look at problems from different perspectives. . As a result, auditors should objectively assess how experimental an organization is when conducting their business. CONCLUSION In conclusion, from the AEON Co. (M) Bhd. we has identified four organization change management principles, which are vitally important to organizing change. Furthermore, we also have analyze the company’s practices and operations in managing organizational change. Consequently, organizations should adopt these change management principles and practices based on their business needs. To promote success, an organization should address the three identified critical processes which are achieving executive commitment, creating a vision of the future organization, and communicating that vision to the organization. In addition, a select group of people, having the necessary skills and personal characteristics, should lead software process improvement efforts. Organizational changes because of uncertainty, habit, concern about personal loss, and the belief that a change is not in the organization’s best interests. There are needs many techniques for managing resistance to change included education and communication, participation, facilitation and support, negotiation, manipulation and co-optation, and coercion. Last, the important part which is human resource variables. It included high commitment to training and development, high job security, and encouraging individuals to be idea champions. REFERENCE Robbins, S. P., DeCenzo, D. A., & Coulter, M. (2012). Fundamentals of management: Essential concepts and applications (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River. New Jersey: Pearson Education. Robbin, S. P., & Jones, G. R. (2010). Management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Brealey, Richard and Myers, Stewart: Principles of Corporate Finance, 2nde d., McGraw-Hill (l984). American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics: Guide for the Preparation of Operational Concept Documents. ANSIIAIAA G-043-1992 (1993). Carr, David K., Hard, Kelvin J., and Trahant, William J.: Managing the Change Process: A Field Book for Change Agents, Consultants, Team Leaders, and Reengineering Managers. McGraw-Hill(l996). lO.Gouillart, Francis J. and Kelly, James N.: Transforming the Organization. McGraw-Hill(l995). Ronald K. K. (2010). Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Journal of management changing, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91 109, USA ronald. k. John Jones, DeAnne Aguirre, and Matthew Calderone (2004). Principles of change management. Retrieved April 15, 2004, From: http://www.strategy-business.com/article/rr00006?pg=all